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The Shape of American Education

Explore the current state of American education, including graduation rates, student achievement, and reform efforts. Discover key issues such as No Child Left Behind, school choice, and teacher quality. Learn about the entrepreneurial and supply-side premises shaping the future of education.

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The Shape of American Education

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  1. The Shape of American Education Frederick M. Hess American Enterprise Institute www.aei.org/hess

  2. Topics • How We’re Doing • Current Reform Efforts • What’s Ahead?

  3. NAEP Proficiency Source: NCES 2008

  4. International Comparisons Source: OECD 2007

  5. Graduation Rates in Urban Districts • Many urban school systems fail to graduate even half of their students Source: EPE Research Center 2006

  6. Student Achievement in Urban Districts • Some urban school districts have less than half their students performing at or above “basic” on NAEP Source: Trial Urban District Assessment 2007

  7. What Do 17 Year Olds Know? • 57% could not identify the proper half-century in which the Civil War took place • 25% thought Christopher Columbus had landed in the New World after 1750 • 33% did not know the Bill of Rights enshrines our rights of freedom of speech and religion • 23% did not know Adolf Hitler was the Chancellor of Germany during World War II Source: Common Core 2008

  8. How Do Youth Spend Their Time? Source: NCES 2000

  9. How Do Youth Spend Their Time? Sources: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2006 and Common Core 2008

  10. “The Trouble Threshold” • What’s the lowest grade you can receive without getting in trouble at home? • Blacks: C– • Hispanics: C– • Whites: B– • Asians: A– Source: Steinberg 1996

  11. We’re Spending More Source: NCES 2006

  12. Comparatively, We Spend a Lot Source: OECD 2003

  13. Where Does the Money Go? Source: NCES 2005

  14. How Costly Is College? Source: College Board 2007

  15. Quality of U.S. Higher Education • Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007 • Ranks schools according to Quality of Education, Quality of Faculty, and Research Output • 54 of the top 100 schools are in the U.S. • 8 of the top 10 schools are in the U.S. Source: Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007

  16. National Report Card on Higher Education Source: National Advisory Group 2006

  17. National Report Card on Higher Education Source: National Advisory Group 2006

  18. Current Reform Efforts • No Child Left Behind • School Choice • Teacher Quality • Public Opinion

  19. No Child Left Behind • What is it? • Testing • Remedies • Prospects

  20. What Does the Public Think about No Child Left Behind? Source: Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll 2007

  21. School Choice: 4 Big Questions • How does choice affect participants? • Does choice induce competition that prompts traditional schools to improve? • How does choice affect integration or stratification? • Does choice undermine democratic schooling or civic values?

  22. Private Means, Public Ends Source: Wolf in Education Next 2007

  23. Teacher Quality • Experience and credentialing don’t matter • Content knowledge matters some • Great teachers exist, but are hard to predict Source: Goldhaber in Education Next 2002

  24. Education in the 2008 Election • Education ranks 9th in a list of the 10 “most important issues facing the country” Source: Gallup 2008

  25. What the Public Thinks about… Source: Education Next 2007 Source: Educational Testing Service 2007 Source: Education Next 2007

  26. What’s Ahead? • Supply Side of School Reform

  27. The Limits of Systemic Reform • Established organizations do well by sticking to what works and incrementally improving • This can hinder ability to harness new advances, techniques, or technologies • Successful organizations are attuned to HR, technology, tools, and needs of landscape from which they came • This helps explain why Univac did not simply “become” IBM, and IBM did not “become” Dell

  28. The Entrepreneurial Premise • “Schools today confront challenges that our education system isn’t equipped to answer… Entrepreneurship recognizes that progress is messy, [as] workable and optimal solutions change over time [and]… reject[s] the notion that we can somehow anticipate the future and then race there in a predictable or orderly fashion.” – Educational Entrepreneurship

  29. The Supply-Side Premise • “Dramatic improvement in schooling will require the emergence of new problem-solvers, and the number, scope, and success of these ventures will depend on the larger political economy of K–12education.” – The Future of Educational Entrepreneurship

  30. Political Economy of the Supply Side • Human Capital • Financial Capital • Barriers to Entry • Quality Control and R&D

  31. The Supply Side • Tool Builders • Wireless Generation • SchoolNet • SMARTHINKING • Human Capital • Teach For America • New Leaders for New Schools • The New Teacher Project • Investors • NewSchools Venture Fund • Charter School Growth Fund • Knowledge Investment Partners • Infrastructure • The Mind Trust • New Schools for New Orleans • High Tech High Ed School • School Builders • KIPP Schools • Green Dot Public Schools • Achievement First

  32. The Shape ofAmerican Education Frederick M. Hess American Enterprise Institute www.aei.org/hess

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