TURNING 2011’S DISASTERS INTO EDUCATIONAL SURGES THAT WILL ADVANCE DISASTER RESILIENCE PART 5

1. TURNING 2011’S DISASTERS INTO EDUCATIONAL SURGES THAT WILL ADVANCE DISASTER RESILIENCE PART 5 Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

2. GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE FLOODS USE DISASTER’S INFO TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE SEVERE WIND STORMS EARTHQUAKES INCREASE TECHNICAL AND POLITICL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY TO COPE DROUGHTS INCREASE OWNERSHIP AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE LANDSLIDES WILDFIRES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS TSUNAMIS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS

3. NOTABLE DISASTERS IN 2011 FLOODS IN AUSTRALIA NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR MAKING COMMUNITIES DISASTER RESIILIENT EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI IN JAPAN WILDFIRES IN FLORIDA, TEXAS, AND ARIZONA , ETC EXPERIENCE FOR CHANGE HURRICANE IRENE AND TROPIAL STORM LEE FLOODS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI River SUPER TORNADO OUTBREAK VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

4. 2011’S KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE BASE INCLUDED TORNADOE OUTBREAKS IN THE USA FEBRUARY - MAY, 2011

5. UNDERSTANDING AND PREPARING FOR TORNADOES BASED ON 2011, WILL FUEL EDUCATIONAL SURGES THAT CAN MOVE COMMUNITIES TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE

6. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community torespond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes, ...,) intersect at a point in space and time.

7. Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), caused extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

8. THE THREE CONTINUUMS OF EVERY DISASTER PEOPLE COMMUNITY COMPLEX EVENTS

9. A DISASTER IMPACTS ALL SOCIETAL ELEMENTS

10. AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE • Transforms information and experience gained from a disaster into knowledge, best practices, and new tech-nology to help a stricken community become disaster resilient.

11. BUILDING CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • Identify the gaps in community capacity in the four critical elements of the solution: Preparedness, Protection, Response, and Recovery. • Use the accumulated knowledge and experience base to fill the perceived gaps in Preparedness, Protection, Response, and Recovery in the community.

12. CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • PREPAREDNESS (READY FOR ANY COMPLEX EVENT) • PROTECTION (BUILD ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES TO WITHSTAND)

13. CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • RESPONSE (SAVING LIVES, AND ENSURING CONTINUITY) • RECOVERY (BOUNCING BACK QUICKLY AND RESUMING LIFE AGAIN)

14. BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE • Intensifies effortsto protect essential (schools) and critical facilities (hos-pitals, dams, transportation, systems, and power plants).

15. EDUCATIONAL SURGES CREATE TURNING POINTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL SECTORS OF SOCIETY INFORMED IGNORANCE TO ENLIGHTENMENT EDUCATIONAL SURGES CHANGE POLICIES BASED ON A COM-MUNITY’S RISK APATHY TO EMPOWERMENT BOUNDARIES TO NETWORKS STATUS QUO TO GOOD POLITICAL DECISIONS

16. TURNING POINTS FOR CHANGE NEW RESOURCES NEW DELIVERY MECHANISMS EDUCATIONAL SURGES WILL RESULT IN … NEW PROFESSIONAL LINKAGES NEW LEGISLATIVE MANDATES NEW DIALOGUE ON BUILDING A CULTURE OF DISASTER-RISK REDUCTION

17. EDUCATIONAL SURGE ADD VALUE INCREASE AWARENESS AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE WILL INCREASE UNDERSTANDING INCREASE POLITICAL WILL BUILD EQUITY

18. BENEFITS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES EXPAND CAPABILITY IMPROVE DELIVERY MECHANISMS EDUCATIONAL SURGES OVERCOME UNIVERSAL BARRIERS CREATE TURNING POINTS OF CHANGE INCREASE COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE

19. TORNADOE SEASON • The peak tornado season is late winter through midsummer,…. • But, tornadoes happen any time of the year when the atmospheric conditions are right.

20. THE PHYSICS OF TORNADOES • TORNADOES ARE CAUSED BY THE COLLISION OF DESCENDING COLD AIR MASSESS COMING FROM THE NORTH AND ASCENDING WARM AIR MASSES COMING FROM THE SOUTH.

21. PHYSICS OF A TORNADO

22. THE PHYSICS OF TORNADOES • THE COLLISION CREATES A FUNNEL OF HIGH-VELOCITY WIND THAT IS VERY DESTRUCTIVE AS IT “TOUCHES DOWN” ONE OR MORE TIMES ALONG A LONG, NARROW (TYPICALLY 10-100 M) PATH.

23. TORNADO ALLEY • TORNADOES HAVE OCCURRED IN EVERY STATE, BUT THEY OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN “TORNADO ALLEY,” WHICH INCLUDES PARTS OF: TEXAS, OKLAHOMA, ARKANSAS, TENNESSEE, NEBRASKA, KANSAS, MISSOURI, ILLINOIS, AND IOWA.

24. MAP OF TORNADO ALLEY

25. HAZARDS OF A TORNADO (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) • WIND: SPEEDS CAN REACH 500 KM/HR (300 MI/HR) • THUNDER, LIGHTNING, AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION EXTREMES • HAIL CAN ALSO BE VERY DAMAGING

26. 2011’S TORNADOES

27. 2011: MORE TORNADOES THAN IN 2010 • JANUARY---10 • FEBRUARY---67 • MARCH---115 • APRIL---141

28. 2011’S APRIL CAME CLOSE TO BECOMING THE WORST APRIL EVER FOR TORNADOES

29. During the past 30 years before 2011, the United States had averaged 135 tornadoes in April, the highest number being 266 in 1974 (National Climatic Data Center)

30. SEVERE DAMAGE IN OKLAHOMA AND NORTH CAROLINA HIGHLIGHT 3-DAY, 15- STATE TORNADO OUTBREAK 145 TORNADOES; 44 DEATHS THURSDAY, APRIL 14- SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 2011

31. During 2011, the combination of strengthening winds, daytime heating, and low-level moisture return along and ahead of the cold front created an environment favorable for the development of long-lived super cell thunderstorms capable of producing strong tornadoes.

32. SUCH WAS THE CASE ON APRIL 14-16, 2011

33. THE APRIL 14-16 EXPERIENCE A SEVERE WEATHER SYSTEM THAT MOVED EAST ACROSS THE USA ON APRIL 14-16 SPAWNED NEARLY 100 TORNADOES IN OK, AR, MS, AND AL, DAMAGING COMMUNITIES, AND KILLING 17 PEOPLE IN THREE DAYS.

34. THE CAUSATIVE STORM: APRIL 14, 2011

35. CHRONOLOGY • FROM THE PACIFIC TO OKLAHOMA, TO ARKANSAS, TO MISSISSIPPI AND ALABAMA, TO NORTH CAROLINA, AND POINTS IN BETWEEN.

36. This storm system, which first developed over the Pacific, intensified when it got to the central Plains on Thursday where the dry western air collided with the warm humid air from the Gulf of Mexico.

37. From there, the storms developed as expected over Oklahoma, with double vortex funnel clouds in some cases.

38. Overnight, the storms merged into a fast-moving front crossing Arkansas and into the Mississippi River Valley, drawing fuel from daytime heating, before moving on into Mississippi and Alabama and the Appalachians on Saturday.

39. TUSHKA, OKLAHOMA DEVASTATED

40. TUSHKA: MOBILE HOME DESTROYED

41. TUSHKA, OKLAHOMA: CAR OVERTURNED; BUILDING DESTROYED

42. THE SEVERE WEATHER SYSTEM SPAWNED 5 TORNADOES IN OKLAHOMA: APRIL 14TH AFTER A TORNADO LEFT A ½ MILE WIDE AND 7 MILE LONG PATH OF DESTRUCTION IN THE TOWN OF TUSHKA, OK, THE SYSTEM MOVED ON INTO ARKANSAS

43. IMPACTS IN ARKANSAS • The same weather system also spawned tornadoes with 130 kph (80 mph) winds in Arkansas, killing seven. .

44. IMPACTS IN ALABAMA • The same weather system spawned tornadoes in six counties in Alabama Friday, causing at least eight deaths. .

45. IMPACTS IN MISSISSIPPI • Tornadoes spawned by the same system caused major damage in the town of Clinton, near Jackson, the capitol of Mississippi..

46. Then the storm strengthened again as a result of the daytime heat for a third day of tornadoes, hitting North Carolina hard.

47. COLERAIN, NORTH CAROLINA: DAMAGE

48. RAYLEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA: DOWNED TREE

49. RAYLEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA: DOWND POWER LINES

50. RAYLEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA: DEBRIS IN STREETS