The Immune System: Specific and Non-Specific Responses to Pathogens

1. The Immune System: Specific and Non-Specific Responses to Pathogens Human Body Lesson 8: Standard 10a.Students know the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection. Standard 10b. Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection.

2. Vocabulary • _____________: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin • _____________ _____________: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection • _____________: elevated body temperature • _____________: proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist infection • _____________ _____________: specific defenses that attack specific disease-causing agents • _____________: a substance that causes an immune response

3. Vocabulary • Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin • _____________ _____________: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection • _____________: elevated body temperature • _____________: proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist infection • _____________ _____________: specific defenses that attack specific disease-causing agents • _____________: a substance that causes an immune response

4. Vocabulary • Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin • Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection • _____________: elevated body temperature • _____________: proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist infection • _____________ _____________: specific defenses that attack specific disease-causing agents • _____________: a substance that causes an immune response

5. Vocabulary • Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin • Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection • Fever: elevated body temperature • _____________: proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist infection • _____________ _____________: specific defenses that attack specific disease-causing agents • _____________: a substance that causes an immune response

6. Vocabulary • Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin • Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection • Fever: elevated body temperature • Interferon: proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist infection • _____________ _____________: specific defenses that attack specific disease-causing agents • _____________: a substance that causes an immune response

7. Vocabulary • Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin • Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection • Fever: elevated body temperature • Interferon: proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist infection • Immune response: specific defenses that attack specific disease-causing agents • _____________: a substance that causes an immune response

8. Vocabulary • Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin • Inflammatory response: a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection • Fever: elevated body temperature • Interferon: proteins produced by virus-infected cells that help other cells resist infection • Immune response: specific defenses that attack specific disease-causing agents • Antigen: a substance that causes an immune response

9. Vocabulary • cell-mediated immunity: defense against abnormal cells and pathogens living inside cells, provided by T-cells • humoral response: defense against pathogens and antigens in body fluids, provided by B-cells • antibodies: proteins that recognize and bind to antigens • vaccine: injection of a weakened form of a pathogen to produce immunity • acquired immunity: immunity that occurs after exposure to a pathogen 12 . passive immunity : the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal

10. What is the function of the immune system? • The immune system protects your body from __________, preventing infections whenever possible and fighting off infections that do occur. • Without your immune system, you would die from even the tiniest __________because you would have no way to fight them off (unless you lived in a bubble that absolutely no pathogens could enter)

11. What is the function of the immune system? • The immune system protects your body from pathogens, preventing infections whenever possible and fighting off infections that do occur. • Without your immune system, you would die from even the tiniest __________because you would have no way to fight them off (unless you lived in a bubble that absolutely no pathogens could enter)

12. What is the function of the immune system? • The immune system protects your body from pathogens, preventing infections whenever possible and fighting off infections that do occur. • Without your immune system, you would die from even the tiniest infections because you would have no way to fight them off (unless you lived in a bubble that absolutely no pathogens could enter)

13. Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense • Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the _____. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens • When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and __________ • ________ is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells • The _______ that line your nose and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

14. Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense • Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens • When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and __________ • ________ is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells • The _______ that line your nose and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

15. Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense • Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens • When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply • ________ is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells • The _______ that line your nose and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

16. Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense • Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens • When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply • Mucus is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells • The _______ that line your nose and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

17. Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense • Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens • When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply • Mucus is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells • The cilia that line your nose and and throat help _____ pathogens ______ from the lungs.

18. Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense • Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens • When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply • Mucus is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells • The cilia that line your nose and throat help move pathogens ______ from the lungs.

19. Non-Specific Defenses: The First Line of Defense • Your body’s most important non-specific defense is the skin. The skin acts as a barrier to pathogens • When the skin is broken, pathogens can enter your body and multiply • Mucus is another non-specific defense. Pathogens get stuck in the mucus in your nose and throat and cannot enter your cells • The cilia that line your nose and throat help move pathogens away from the lungs.

20. Question • How is your skin part of your immune system? Think about it, then write your answer on your iPad so I can see it

21. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the ____________ ________ is activated. • The inflammatory response is a ____ -________ defense reaction to _______ ________ caused by injury or _________. • Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and _______.

22. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a ____ -________ defense reaction to _______ ________ caused by injury or _________. • Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and _______.

23. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to _______ ________ caused by injury or _________. • Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and _______.

24. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or _________. • Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and ______.

25. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. • Blood vessels near the wound ________ and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and ______.

26. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. • Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to _____ (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and ______.

27. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. • Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to engulf (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become ____, ________, and ______.

28. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. • Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to engulf (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become red, ________, and ______.

29. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. • Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to engulf (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become red, swollen, and ______.

30. Non-Specific Defenses: The Second Line of Defense • If pathogens do get past your skin, such as through a cut, the inflammatory response is activated. • The inflammatory response is a non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. • Blood vessels near the wound expand and white blood cells exit the blood vessels to engulf (eat) the invaders. The infected tissue may become red, swollen, and painful.

31. Questions • What does it mean when an immune response is non-specific? • What do you think a specific immune response is? Writ your answers on your iPad so I can see them.

32. Fever is a Non-Specific Defense • The immune system also releases __________ that ___________ your body ___________. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a _______. • Fevers can ____ some pathogens. • Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

33. Fever is a Non-Specific Defense • The immune system also releases chemicals that ___________ your body ___________. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a _______. • Fevers can ____ some pathogens. • Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

34. Fever is a Non-Specific Defense • The immune system also releases chemicals that increase your body ___________. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a _______. • Fevers can ____ some pathogens. • Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

35. Fever is a Non-Specific Defense • The immune system also releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a _______. • Fevers can ____ some pathogens. • Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

36. Fever is a Non-Specific Defense • The immune system also releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a fever. • Fevers can ____ some pathogens. • Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

37. Fever is a Non-Specific Defense • The immune system also releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a fever. • Fevers can kill some pathogens. • Fevers also increase your _____ ____, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

38. Fever is a Non-Specific Defense • The immune system also releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a fever. • Fevers can kill some pathogens. • Fevers also increase your heartrate, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white _____ cells to get to the site of infection faster!

39. Fever is a Non-Specific Defense • The immune system also releases chemicals that increase your body temperature. When your body temperature is higher than normal, you have a fever. • Fevers can kill some pathogens. • Fevers also increase your heartrate, which increases the speed of your blood flow, which allows white blood cells to get to the site of infection faster!

40. Interferonsare a Non-Specific Defense • When ________ enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce __________, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection. • Interferons got their name because they _________ with the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the __________ (translation) of viral ___________.

41. Interferonsare a Non-Specific Defense • When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce __________, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection. • Interferons got their name because they _________ with the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the __________ (translation) of viral ___________.

42. Interferonsare a Non-Specific Defense • When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce interferons, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection. • Interferons got their name because they _________ with the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the __________ (translation) of viral ___________.

43. Interferonsare a Non-Specific Defense • When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce interferons, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection. • Interferons got their name because they interfere with a the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the __________ (translation) of viral ___________.

44. Interferonsare a Non-Specific Defense • When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce interferons, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection. • Interferons got their name because they interfere with a the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the synthesis___________.

45. Interferonsare a Non-Specific Defense • When viruses enter the body, sometimes the virus-infected cells produce interferons, a group of proteins that help other cells resist infection. • Interferons got their name because they interfere with a the ability of a virus to replicate – they block the synthesis (translation) of viral proteins.

46. Question • What do interferons prevent your cells from doing? Write your answer on your iPad so I can see it.

47. Now, you have a choice, • Option 1 is to finish this presentation and learn about specific defenses of the immune system. If we choose this option, then on Friday we will organize our notebooks and use the textbooks to work on our human body systems projects if we have time. • Option 2 is to finish this presentation on Friday and use the rest of this class period to work on our human body systems projects using iPads.

48. Specific Defenses • Specific defenses attack specific pathogens. • Any pathogen that triggers a specific immune response is called an _______. • Both ________and ____-__________immunity are specific defenses

49. Specific Defenses • Specific defenses attack specific pathogens. • Any pathogen that triggers a specific immune response is called an antigen. • Both ________and ____-__________immunity are specific defenses

50. Specific Defenses • Specific defenses attack specific pathogens. • Any pathogen that triggers a specific immune response is called an antigen. • Both humoral and ____-__________immunity are specific defenses