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SELF-CLEANING GLASS and ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS

UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI LECCE Corso di laurea in Ingegneria dei Materiali A.A. 2001/2002 Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici. SELF-CLEANING GLASS and ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS. Professore Dott. Antonio Licciulli. Studente Daniela Lisi. SELF-CLEANING GLASS. SUMMARY. HISTORY.

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SELF-CLEANING GLASS and ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS

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  1. UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI LECCE Corso di laurea in Ingegneria dei Materiali A.A. 2001/2002 Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Ceramici SELF-CLEANING GLASSandELECTROCHROMIC GLASS Professore Dott. Antonio Licciulli Studente Daniela Lisi

  2. SELF-CLEANINGGLASS

  3. SUMMARY • HISTORY • TITANIUM DIOXIDE • SELF-CLEANING SURFACE • PHOTOCATALYSIS • HYDROPHILICITY • SUPER-HYDROPHILICITY • SELF-CLEANING WINDOWS

  4. HISTORY • The late 1960s: the University of Tokyo research photoelettrochemical solar cells. The solid-state photovoltaic device has become the technology of choice. • 1972: Fujishima and Honda discovered the photocatalytic splitting of water on TiO2electrodes without using electricity. • 1977: Professor Allen J. Bard and co-workers at the University of Texas first examined the possibilities of using TiO2 to decompose cyanide in water. Many important fundamental results concerning TiO2 photocatalytic reaction have been clarified by such intensive works. • The late 1990s: Pilkington, PPG, SSG patent SELF-CLEANING windows.

  5. PHOTOCATALYST SELF- CLEANING and ANTIFOGGING functions • HYDROPHILIC TITANIUM DIOXIDE

  6. ANATASE • RUTILE Density: 4,2 g/cc Refractive Index: 2,76 Density: 4,2 g/cc Refractive Index: 2,52 TITANIUM DIOXIDE

  7. TITANIUM DIOXIDE

  8. White pigment in paints, cosmetics and foodstuffs. • Semiconductor transparent in the visible region of the spectrum. • Low costs material. • Chemically inert, non-toxic, biocompatible. TITANIUM DIOXIDE

  9. Considerable trouble. • High consumption of energy. • Chemical detergents. • High costs SELF-CLEANING SURFACE TO CLEAN SURFACE OF BUILDING MATERIALS CAUSES:

  10. Super-hydrophobicity. • Photocatalysis. • Super-hydrophilicity and hydrophilicity SELF-CLEANING SURFACE TO REALIZE SELF-CLEANING MATERIAL SURFACES THERE ARE THREE PRINCIPAL WAYS:

  11. HYDROPHOBICITY Hydrophobic materials ("water hating") have little or no tendency to adsorb water and water tends to "bead" on their surfaces (i.e., discrete droplets). Hydrophobic materials possess low surface tension values and lack active groups in their surface chemistry for formation of "hydrogen-bonds" with water.

  12. HYDROPHOBICITY CONTACT ANGLE For a given droplet on a solid surface: the contact angle is a measurement of the angle formed between the surface of a solid and the line tangent to the droplet radius from the point of contact with the solid.

  13. HYDROPHOBICITY

  14. SUPER-HYDROPHOBICITY The LOTUS EFFECT

  15. PHOTOCATALYSIS WHAT IS IT? The acceleration of the rate of a photoreaction by the presence of a catalyst (semiconductor particle).

  16. PHOTOCATALYSIS WHAT IS a SEMICONDUCTOR SOLID?

  17. PHOTOCATALYSIS HOW DOES PHOTOCATALYTIC SEMICONDUCTOR WORK?

  18. TiO2 AS PHOTOCATALYST

  19. TiO2 AS PHOTOCATALYST OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION ON THE SURFACE OF TIO2

  20. A low-cost material is used as photocatalyst. • The reaction is quite fast at mild operating conditions (room temperature, atmospheric pressure). • A wide spectrum of organic contaminants can be converted to water and CO2. • No chemical reactants must be used and no side reactions are produced. TiO2 AS PHOTOCATALYST IT IS COMPETITIVE BECAUSE:

  21. TiO2 AS PHOTOCATALYST PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

  22. HYDROPHILICITY Also called hydrophilic, is a characteristic of materials exhibiting an affinity for water. Hydrophilic literally means "water-loving" and such materials readily adsorb water. The surface chemistry allows these materials to be wetted forming a water film or coating on their surface.

  23. HYDROPHILICTY

  24. HYDROPHILICTY MECHANISM OF PHOTO-INDUCED HYDROPHILICITY

  25. HYDROPHILICTY TIME DIPENDENCE OF THE WATER CONTACT ANGLE IN AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE • a) Upon UV illumination • b) In the dark

  26. SUPER-HYDROPHILICITY

  27. STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 SUPER-HYDROPHILICITY SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SUPER-HYDROPHILICITY MECHANISM

  28. SELF-CLEANING WINDOWS

  29. SELF-CLEANING WINDOWS SunClean Glass

  30. SELF-CLEANING WINDOWS SunClean Glass

  31. SELF-CLEANING WINDOWS Pilkington Activ™

  32. SELF-CLEANING WINDOWS SGG AQUACLEAN

  33. ELECTROCHROMICGLASS

  34. SUMMARY • OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY • SMART WINDOWS • THE SOLUTION SageGlass®

  35. OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY It changes the view of glazing from a FIXED element to a DYNAMIC one.

  36. OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY Optical switching materials can be used for windows where optical and thermal modulation is required.

  37. OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY THE PURPOSE IS: to control the flow of light and heat into and out of window, according to an energy management scheme.

  38. OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY THE BASIC PROPERTY IS: a large change in optical properties upon a change in either light intensity, spectral composition, heat, electrical field, or injected charge.

  39. OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY This optical change results in a transformation from highly transmitting state to a partly reflecting or absorbing state, either totally or partly over the solar spectrum.

  40. SMART WINDOWS Electrochromic windows change the light transmittance, transparency, or shading of windows in response to an environmental signal.

  41. SMART WINDOWS HOW ECDs WORK?

  42. SMART WINDOWS HOW ECDs ARE MADE? A voltage applied across the transparent conducting oxide layers causes hydrogen or lithium anions (A+) to be injected into the electrochromic layers.

  43. continuous range in solar and optical transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance between bleached and coloured states; • contrast ratio (CR) of at least 5 a 1; • colouring and bleaching times (switching speed) of a few minutes; • switching with applied voltages of 1–5 V; • acceptable neutral colour; • large area with excellent optical clarity; • sustained performance over 20–30 yr; • acceptable cost ($100/m2); SMART WINDOWS ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIAL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES ARE:

  44. SMART WINDOWS GLASS/ITO/NiO/Inorganic Electrolyte/WO3/ITO/GLASS

  45. SMART WINDOWS GLASS/ITO/NiO/Inorganic Electrolyte/WO3/ITO/GLASS

  46. SMART WINDOWS GLASS/ITO/NiO/Inorganic Electrolyte/WO3/ITO/GLASS

  47. SMART WINDOWS GLASS/ITO/PANI/PB/PAMPS/WO3/ITO/GLASS

  48. SMART WINDOWS GLASS/ITO/PANI/PB/PAMPS/WO3/ITO/GLASS

  49. SMART WINDOWS ECDs as ENERGY SOURCE

  50. SMART WINDOWS ECDs as ENERGY SOURCE

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