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The Knee Joint

The Knee Joint. Anatomy and Physiology of Human Movement 420:050. Objectives. Bones, bony landmarks and joints Muscles Movements. Knee Joint. Large joint Complex ligamentous structures Femoral condyles articulate with tibial condyles

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The Knee Joint

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  1. The Knee Joint Anatomy and Physiology of Human Movement 420:050

  2. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  3. Knee Joint • Large joint • Complex ligamentous structures • Femoral condyles articulate with tibial condyles • Medial/lateral tibial condyles (aka plateaus) – act as receptacles for femoral condyles • Relatively stable joint despite injuries • Ligaments • Menisci • Quadriceps and hamstrings

  4. Modified from Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ: Textbook of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975, Mosby.

  5. Modified from Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ: Textbook of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975, Mosby.

  6. Bones and Bony Landmarks • Tibia: • Bears weight • Fibula: • Serves as the attachment sight • Does not articulate with femur or patella • Not part of knee joint • Patella: • Sesamoid bone imbedded in patellar tendon • Improves mechanical advantage in knee extension • Bony landmarks same as the hip joint

  7. Lateral femoral epicondyle Medial femoral epicondyle Patella Lateral tibial condyle Medial tibial condyle Head of fibula Tibial tuberosity

  8. Joint • Knee joint • Diarthrodial uniaxial hinge joint • Movements • Planes and axes • Patellofemoral joint • Diarthrodial nonaxial gliding joint • Gliding nature of patella on femoral condyles

  9. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  10. Quadriceps Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Hamstrings Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Sartorius Gracilis Popliteus Gastrocnemius Muscles

  11. Rectus Femoris

  12. Vastus Medialis

  13. Vastus Lateralis

  14. Vastus Intermedius

  15. Biceps Femoris

  16. Semimembranosus

  17. Semitendinosus

  18. Sartorius

  19. Gracilis

  20. Popliteus

  21. Gastrocnemius

  22. Objectives • Bones, bony landmarks and joints • Muscles • Movements

  23. Movements • Flexion • Bending or decreasing angle between femur and shin • Extension • Straightening or increasing angle between femur and shin

  24. Movements • External rotation • Rotary movement of leg laterally away from midline • Internal rotation • Rotary movement of lower leg medially toward midline • Neither will occur unless flexed 20-30 degrees or more

  25. LINE OF PULL

  26. FLEXION • Bending or decreasing angle between femur and shin

  27. Popliteus

  28. FLEXION

  29. FLEXION • Biceps femoris • Semimebranosus • Semitendinosus • Sartorius • Gracilis • Popliteus • Gastrocnemius

  30. EXTENSION • Straightening or increasing angle between femur and shin

  31. EXTENSION

  32. EXTENSION • Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis • Vastus intermedius

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