Unit 2’s Concepts

1. Unit 2’s Concepts ∙ Scientists use models to help understand and explain how things work. ∙ Space scientists use models to study things that are very big or far away. ∙Models help us make and test predictions. ∙ All models are inaccurate in some way. ∙ A model can be an explanation in your mind. ∙ Two-dimensional (2-D) models show the dimensions of height and width. (ex: a picture) ∙ Three-dimensional (3-D) models show the dimensions of height, width, and depth.

2. Space Science Unit 1.3

3. Measuring Length in Metric Units • We will be measuring the size of objects in the sky but first we must understand the basics of the metric system

5. Even though we are used to measurements in feet and inches, ALL scientists in the world use metrics. • 1 Meter equals 100 centimeters • Cent means “100”

6. 10 millimeters (mm) = 1 centimeter (cm)100 centimeters = 1 meter (m)1,000 meters (m) = 1 kilometer

7. Imagine dividing a centimeter into 10 pieces…There are 1,000 millimeters in a meter (mm) mille means “1000”Imagine the meter divided into 1,000 pieces.

8. The challenge is to… • Measure the wingspan of an albatross. • What is an albatross? • Let’s first make a prediction. Note: Don’t move on to new slide till after we measure albatross

9. This is how we can write our measurements… • 3 meters, 63 centimeters • 3m 63 cm • 363 centimeters • 363 cm

10. What is an Albatross? • Albatrosses are the largest of the seabirds – the wingspan of the great albatrosses can exceed 3 meters (10 feet).

11. Lets Practice • Measure your neighbor’s wing span….. IN METRICS! • Measure your laptop • Smart board • Height of your desk • Door frame

12. Continue Measuring in Metrics… • Measuring a Bird and Four Satellites. • What is a satellite? • What does “Orbit” Mean? Talk to your table…

13. Satellites… • Satellites made by people travel around the Earth in space. They take photos and other images of Earth, relay cell phone/TV/pager messages. • Since some are made by people, they are sometimes called artificial satellites. • The Earth’s Moon , on the other hand is a natural satellite.

14. Orbit…. • People have made many satellites and sent them up in the sky to orbit the Earth. • Orbit means to move around another object in space. • An orbit can also be the name for the path taken by one object circling around another object.

15. Lets practice measuring… See Worksheet

16. Lesson 1.4 • How Big Are the Earth, Moon and Sun?

17. Review: • What is a Model? (Refer to your concept list) • Define a Scale model. Examples?

18. Scale models of Earth, Moon and Sun. • Because the real sizes of the Earth, Moon, and Sun can’t fit in the classroom, we are going to measure some scale models to get better understanding of how these objects are, compared with one another.

19. Predict the relative sizes of Earth, Moon, and Sun. • What are your ideas about the sizes of the real Earth, Moon, and Sun: • Are they all the same size? • Different sizes? • If they are different sizes Which one is biggest or smallest? • How different are their sizes?

20. 2-D Models • The real Earth, Moon and Sun are all shaped like balls, but to start, we will use 2-dimesnsional disks or circles as models so their sizes can be measured more easily.

21. Review Metric System • Show with your fingers or arms your best approximation of the following metric unit. • 1 millimeter • 1 centimeter • 1 meter

22. Remember the Sheep and the Duck Story? • The sheep, duck and chicken went 2000 meters up in the sky. • How many kilometers is that? 2km

23. Introduction to the Scale Ruler • These rulers look similar to the measuring tapes we used in the last session, only the labels have been changed to help you figure our the real sizes of the Sun, Earth and Moon by measuring scale models. • To help us, lets review what the new ruler says. • 1mm= ? • 1cm= ? • 1m= 3,000,000 km 3,000km, 30,000km

24. How would you measure the scale model? • Think, parts of a circle… We also measured bubble this way. Hand out worksheet

25. Exit Slip…. • 4cm=_______mm • 2m=________cm • 50m=_______cm

26. Review our Measurements…..(day2) • Which is smallest? • Which is biggest?

27. The Sun is a STAR… • Even though it is so big compared to Earth, it is medium-sized for a star. We will learn more about why the sun looks about the same size as the Moon in the sky and why stars look so small in the sky when they are really so big.

28. 1.4 Concepts • Some objects in the sky, such as the Sun, Moon, stars and planets are very large. • Other objects in the sky, such as birds, satellites and airplanes, are relatively small. • The Earth is very large • The Moon is very large, but not as large as the Earth. • The Sun is super huge compared to the Earth. • The Sun is a star. Compared to other stars it is medium sized.

29. Travel to the Moon and Mars Video • http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX550d524f044b75537d0641&t=Space-Exploration

30. 1.5 Sizes Near & Far

31. Now we know….. Over 1 hundred Earths fit across the Sun.

32. The Is only about one-fourth the size of the In diameter, so the is much bigger than the Moon.

33. If the Sun is really so huge compared to the Moon, why do they look about the same size in the sky?

34. A little preview… • With half of your table… lets measure a piece of 8X11 paper. • Then measure the same size paper from across the room. (one piece for the class. It is on the chalkboard) • What do you observe?

35. Now lets measure a classmate….

36. Ranking Objects by Size… • Each group will get a set of 10 cards. • As a group, agree to put the pictures in order from biggest to smallest.(# the back)

37. 1.5 Continue…. • Get your cards out… Place them in the order you had them yesterday. • Now I will give you new evidence about the items in each card.

38. Remember our discussion about scientist and their need for evidence? • Well, Scientist change their minds based on new evidence all the time. • This is one reason why scientist continue to do research and experiments.

39. Look at this Picture, Does this change your order? Write new number order on the back of the cards in a different color? Don’t erase old order numbers.

40. Now We will add more evidence.. • Actual sizes of the ten objects- • House = 25 Meters long • Person A = 1 Meter tall • Person B = 1 Meter 70 cm tall • Moon = 3500 km diameters • Ball = 60 cm • Star A : Betelgeuse = 900,000,000 km diameter • Star B: Sirius B = 12,000 km diameter • Star C: Rigel = 84,000,000 km diameter • Venus = 12,1000 km diameter • Car = 25 cm long

41. 1.5 Key Concepts • How big something looks and how big it really is can be very different. • An object looks bigger when it’s closer. An object looks smaller when it’s father away • The Sun looks bigger than other start because it’s a whole lot closer. • The Sun looks the same size as the Moon because it’s much farther away than the Moon.

42. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=770EB2BC-DA26-476C-A45A-E2F8D74DA3FF&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=770EB2BC-DA26-476C-A45A-E2F8D74DA3FF&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US Light years away video

43. 1.6 Ranking Space Objects by Size

44. With your group, cut out these cards. Divide the cards evenly.

45. Use the category cards to sort the sky objects..

46. Now Scientist, I’ve come across some new evidence. As I read the new evidence, take notes so you will be able to resort your cards. (see pages 180-186)