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Pregnancy Project. By: Tyler Ford. Conception. Every month, during the females menstrual cycle, a mature egg is released from one of the ovaries. The mature egg moves through the fallopian tube into the uterus.
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Pregnancy Project By: Tyler Ford
Conception • Every month, during the females menstrual cycle, a mature egg is released from one of the ovaries. • The mature egg moves through the fallopian tube into the uterus. • There the sperm cell meets the egg. Once the sperm cell is inside the egg creates a protein coating around the egg so only one sperm cell can enter.
Zygote, Embryo, and Fetus • A zygote is the the cell that is formed after conception. • The zygote divides to form two cells, four cells, eight cells and so on. • The mass of cells during the first eight weeks after conception is called and embryo. • The developing of cells from the eight week till birth is called the fetus.
First Trimester • In the first trimester the heart, brain, nerves, and lungs start to form. • Digestive systems start to form. • Eyes and ears can be seen. • Arms, fingers, legs, and toes begin to form. • Facial characteristics appear. • First external signs of sex appear.
Second Trimester • Skin starts developing. • Fine hair develops. • Eyelashes and nails appear. • Rate of growth slows. • Fetus responds to noise and pressure with movement. • Heartbeat increases.
Third Trimester • Eyes open. • Almost all organs are complete. • Skin is smooth and polished. • Eyes are slate-colored. • Birth length is about 19-21. • Birth weight is about 6-9 pounds.
Epidural • Epidural anesthesia is the most popular means for pain relief during labor. • Epidural is inserted into the lower back by using a needle and it numbs the lower body. • An anesthesiologist, a physician who specializes in anesthesia, an obstetrician, or nurse-anesthetist will give the epidural.
Lamaze • Lamaze classes support birth as a natural, healthy process and help women explore all of the ways they can find strength and comfort during labor. • Most widely used childbirth method in the country. • Small classes with no more than twelve couples. • Instruction includes: • Normal labor, birth, and early postpartum • Body positioning for labor and birth • Massage and relaxation techniques to ease pain • Support during labor
Braxton Hicks Contractions • Involves false labor pains. • Perfectly normal contractions. • Can start as early as the second trimester, but usually take place in the third. • The body’s way of getting ready for the real contractions.
Episiotomy • An episiotomy is a cut the doctor makes in the area between the vagina and anus • Helps deliver a baby and prevents the muscles and skin around the vagina from tearing during delivery. • The cut is made just before the baby's head comes out of the birth canal and it is stitched up after the birth.
Three Stages of Labor • The first stage of labor is the longest stage and can last up to 20 hours. • In this stage the cervix dilates to 10 centimeters. • The second stage of labor is the delivery. • The stage lasts until you have delivered the baby. • The third stage of labor is the separating of the placenta from the wall of the uterus and then it is passed through the birth canal. • Also called the “Afterbirth”. • Shortest stage of labor.
Apgar Scale • After a baby is born, doctors calculate their Apgar score to see if the newborn needs any additional medical assistance. • Test is given at one minute and again at five minutes • This score was developed by anesthesiologist Virginia Apgar in 1952 and now used in modern hospitals worldwide . • It rates a baby's appearance, pulse, responsiveness, muscle activity, and breathing with a number between zero and 2 (2 being the strongest rating). The numbers are totaled, and 10 is considered a perfect score.
Cesarean Birth • A cesarean section is the delivery of a baby through a cut (incision) in the mother’s belly and uterus. • It is often called a C-section. • In most cases, a woman can be awake during the birth and be with her newborn soon afterward.
Breech Birth • During most of pregnancy, there is enough room in the uterus for the baby to change position. • By 36 weeks of pregnancy, most babies turn into a head-down position. • This is the normal and safest fetal position for birth. • But in about 4 out of 100 births, the baby does not naturally turn head-down late in the pregnancy. • This is called a Breech birth.
Vaginal birth • Vaginal birth is the delivery of the baby through the vagina (versus a cesarean section). • The baby typically comes through head first.
Water birth • Some hospitals and birthing centers offer tubs or whirlpools for laboring. • The warm water supports the body and helps the mother to relax. • It also replicates the feeling of the amniotic sac. • For many women, laboring in water has been proved to: • Reduce labor pain • Reduce the use of or need for pain medicine • Lower the mother's blood pressure
Stillbirth • When fetal death occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy, it is called stillbirth. • These occur in about 1 in 160 pregnancies . • Most stillbirths occur before labor begins. • The pregnant woman may suspect that something is wrong if the fetus suddenly stops moving around and kicking. A small number of stillbirths occur during labor and delivery.
Premature Birth • Babies born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy are called premature • Most pregnancies last around 40 weeks. Babies born between 37 and 42 completed weeks of pregnancy are called full term • Premature birth is a serious health problem. • Premature babies are at increased risk for newborn health complications, such as breathing problems, and even death. • Most premature babies require care in a newborn intensive care unit.
Pregnancy Problems • Some pregnancy complications are more serious than others and may threaten the life of the mother or baby. • Common pregnancy complications include toxemia which is high blood pressure accompanied with a high level of protein in the urine, diabetes during pregnancy, vaginal bleeding due to problems with the placenta, and premature birth. • Proper prenatal care and testing can help prevent, detect, and control some pregnancy complications.
Gynecologist • A gynecologist is a medical doctor who is trained to evaluate, recognize and treat potential disease of the reproductive system, and is also trained surgically to perform surgeries like hysterectomies, (removal of the uterus). • Women who are eighteen, or younger if they are sexually active, should see a gynecologist yearly to be evaluated for conditions like cervical cancer.
Obstetrician • An obstetrician is a medical specialist who focuses on labor and delivery. Obstetrics is actually a surgical sub-specialty, meaning that an obstetrician attends surgical training and then specializes in the care of pregnant women and in surgeries such as cesarean sections. • Most obstetricians see their patients throughout their pregnancies, and they also study gynecology, so that they can deal with a range of conditions related to the reproductive system.
Importance of Prenatal Care • Regular appointments with a doctor throughout a pregnancy are important to ensure the health of a baby. In addition to medical care, prenatal care includes education on pregnancy and childbirth, plus counseling and support. • Frequent visits to the doctor will help the mother follow the progress of her baby's development. • Visits also give the parents an opportunity to ask questions.
