The Marshall Plan

2. The Marshall Plan • The Marshall Plan was developed to help rebuild Europe after the war. • The Marshall Plan gave economic aid to any nation that promises to resist Communism and remain committed to democracy.

3. Containment • The goal is to contain Communism and not let it spread

4. The Truman Doctrine • The US will prevent the spread of Communism by supporting weaker democratic nations.

5. The Cold War leads to an arms race and everyone is afraid of a nuclear attack.

6. Duck and Cover

7. China Goes Communist • Led by Mao Zedong, the communists took control of China in 1949. • Mao led China through the Great Leap Forward during the late 1950s and early 1960s. • An attempted movement to move China from a farming country to an industrialized nation. • It failed horribly. • It destroyed the educational and economic systems of China. • Millions of Chinese starved to death during the Great Leap Forward.

8. The Korean War • Communist North Korea vs. Democratic South Korea. • No gain or loss of land at the end of the war.

9. Vietnam • Video

10. The Two Vietnams · Vietnam, a former French colony, was divided into two sections in 1954.

11. · North Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh, was communist and backed by the Soviet Union. · South Vietnam, led by Ngo Dinh Diem, was democratic and backed by the U.S.

12. Growing American Involvement · The U.S. believed that if South Vietnam fell to the communists, the rest of the nations in Southeast Asia would as well in a theory called the domino theory.

13. · By 1968, over half a million Americans were fighting in the Vietnam War. · As the fighting escalated, the U.S. relied on the draft for raising troops.

14. The Uncertain Enemy · Jungle warfare was difficult, and it was hard to locate the enemy. · In addition, it was very difficult to identify which South Vietnamese were our allies and which were supporting the Vietcong. Ex Vietcong showing secret tunnels, November 7, 2004

15. "Napalm is the most terrible pain you can imagine," said Kim Phuc. “Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Napalm generates temperatures of 800 to 1,200 degrees Celsius.“ Phuc sustained third-degree burns to half her body and was not expected to live. Phuc saved her life by ripping off her burning clothes.

16. Agent Orange was the nickname given to a herbicide and defoliant used by the U.S. military in its Herbicidal Warfare program during the Vietnam War.

17. A guerrilla in the Mekong Delta paddles through a mangrove forest defoliated by Agent Orange (1970).

18. Effects of Agent Orange Images taken from Agent Orange: "Collateral Damage" in Vietnam by Philip Jones Griffiths

20. Protests at Home · Thousands of Americans protested against the war, especially on college campuses. Video: Country Joe and the Fish, Woodstock Music Festival (1969) 3:18 Anti-Vietnam War protests, Ohio State University

21. · On May 4, 1970, the Ohio National Guard killed 4 anti-war protesters at Kent State University. This Pulitzer Prize winning photo shows Mary Ann Vecchio screaming as she kneels over the body of student Jeffrey Miller at Kent State University. National Guardsmen had fired into a crowd of demonstrators, killing four and wounding nine.

22. Self Immolation of Buddhist Monk

23. Protest Through Music • Song Clips • Give Peace a Chance

24. Tin soldiers and Nixon coming,We're finally on our own.This summer I hear the drumming,Four dead in Ohio.Gotta get down to itSoldiers are gunning us downShould have been done long ago.What if you knew herAnd found her dead on the groundHow can you run when you know?Gotta get down to itSoldiers are gunning us downShould have been done long ago.What if you knew herAnd found her dead on the groundHow can you run when you know?

25. Peace Without Victory · In January 1973, the U.S. reached a cease-fire agreement with North Vietnam and brought their troops home. · However, the U.S. continued to send billions of dollars in support of the South Vietnamese.

26. · In April of 1975, the communists captured the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon, renamed it Ho Chi Minh City, and reunited Vietnam under one communist flag. Video: People rush to leave Saigon as the city falls to the Vietcong. April 30, 1975 (9 min.)

27. Choose 1 • Draw a picture (If you cannot draw, do not choose this.) • Write a poem (8 lines and must rhyme) • Write a newspaper article about something that happened in the Cold War (At least 5 sentences)