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I. How Organisms Interact

I. How Organisms Interact. Some interactions among species are the result of a long evolutionary history in which many of the participants adjust to one another over time. Types of Species Interactions : 1. Predator / Prey 2. Symbiosis.

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I. How Organisms Interact

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  1. I. How Organisms Interact Some interactions among species are the result of a long evolutionary history in which many of the participants adjust to one another over time. • Types of Species Interactions: • 1. Predator / Prey • 2. Symbiosis

  2. 1. Predation– The act of one organism killing another for food. -One of the most basic forms of relationships between organisms. -Often characterized by various prey acquisition and predator avoidance tactics.

  3. Predators Speed Ambush Specialized structures/products Group/pack hunting Prey Camouflage Chemical warfare Warning colors Mimicry

  4. 2.Symbiosis- Relationship where species live together Three types of symbiotic relationships A. Parasitism- one organism living in or on another, often causing harm B. Mutualism- two or more organisms living together benefiting each. C. Commensalism- two or more organisms living together, one benefiting, one neither helped or harmed.

  5. II. How Competition Shapes Communities A. Competition– The interaction between organisms either of the same or different species that require the same resources. Two types: 1. Intraspecific - Competition between members of the same species 2. Interspecific:-Competition between 2 or more different species

  6. B. Niche – the role or “job” of an organism within its environment. *Described in terms of how the organism affects energy flow within the ecosystem in which it lives. * If the resources of organisms with overlapping niches are in short supply, it is likely that their will be competition between the organisms. • *Niche sizes categorized as; • Fundamental Niche • Realized Niche

  7. 1. Competition with Limitations of Resources RESOURCE PARTITIONING

  8. 2. Competition without Limitations of Resources COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION

  9. III. Major Biological Communities Where an organism lives often depends on an areas CLIMATE CLIMATE - THE PREVAILING WEATHER CONDITIONS IN ANY GIVEN AREA. THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT elements of climate are temperature and moisture

  10. Biomes: -Land portion of the biosphere -Distinct CLIMATE and specific life-forms adapted for life within that climate. A. Categories of ecosystems… 1. Biomes 2. Aquatic Life Zones

  11. Deciduous forest Desert Coastal chaparral and scrub Coniferous forest Coniferous forest Prairie grassland Appalachian Mountains Mississippi River Valley Great Plains Rocky Mountains Great American Desert Sierra Nevada Mountain Coastal mountain ranges 15,000 ft 10,000 ft Average annual precipitation 5,000 ft 100-125 cm (40-50 in.) 75-100 cm (30-40 in.) 50-75 cm (20-30 in.) 25-50 cm (10-20 in.) below 25 cm (0-10 in.)

  12. 2. Aquatic life zones: Marine– those that contain raised levels of salt (Estuaries, Coastlines, Reefs, Oceans) Freshwater (Lakes,Streams,& Wetlands)

  13. Body Snatchers

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