Cycle First Aid by Steve Evans SRPara MCPara Liverpool Century RC Member

1. Cycle First Aid by Steve Evans SRPara MCParaLiverpool Century RC Member

2. Cycle First Aid

3. Cycle First Aid Aims of First Aid • Preserve Life • Prevent Condition Worsening • Promote Recovery • Send for Help Early 999 or 112

4. Systematic Approach C - Care – Be aware of danger to yourself “A dead rescuer is no good to anybody” and to the casualty and others • Moving traffic • Blind Bends • Spilt fuel • Create a NO smoking area

5. Systematic Approach C - Care R - Reconnaissance – You need to know how many Casualties there are, for each unconscious / seriously injured casualty you need an Ambulance ( 3 on the floor = 3 Ambulances )

6. SystematicApproach C– R– Inform– Dial 999 or 112 for the Ambulance Service or other Emergency Services if there is spilt fuel, threat of fire, trapped casualties, dangers to others

7. Systematic Approach C – R – I – Treat the casualties according to their needs remember your Priorities Catastrophic bleed, Airway, Breathing • Do NOT Move the Casualty unless their life is threatened

8. Common Injuries • Head on - Head and Face, Potential Neck – check the damage to the cars windscreen, Chest or Abdominal, fractures to thigh bone, (handle bars) hand / thumb • Side impact - Traumatic amputation of lower leg or fractures / dislocated ankle • FOOSH - Fractured Clavicle/Shoulder, broken wrist/forearm • Over Half of Cyclist who end up in hospital have Head injuries,50% Arm, 40% Leg, 5% Chest/abdomen. • Road Rash

9. Common Injuries

10. Consider the Damage Look at the potential for injuries,internal and external

11. Priorities • Catastrophic (life Threatening ) Bleed • Airway – clear if blocked or open if not breathing, being aware of potential Neck Injury, Cover open chest wounds • Cervical Awareness – DO NOT Remove Helmet unless life is threatened • Breathing – if No then start resuscitation

12. The No 1 Cause of Death • The No 1 Cause of Death in Trauma is a blocked Airway • When Unconscious the tongue drops to the back of the Casualty’s throat blocking their airway • This is preventable by performing a Jaw Thrust or Chin Lift

13. Tongue Blocking Airway

14. Jaw Thrust

15. Criteria for Helmet Removal • A Blocked Airway that cannot be cleared in any other way • The Casualty's Chest or Abdomen is not rising and falling (Not Breathing) • The need for Resuscitation • Remember that it takes 2 Persons to remove a Helmet safely

16. Control Of Haemorrhage

17. Wound Types • Contusion (bruise) • Laceration – tearing of the tissue • Incision – clean cut with sharp knife • Puncture – penetrating wound • Graze / abrasion – Road Rash

18. Road Rash

19. Road Rash • These injuries look and feel painful • Look beyond the gore • Are there underlying injuries • Fractures • Internal Injuries/bleeding • Head Injuries

20. Road Rash Treatment • Check for Underlying Injuries • Wash out Dirt and Grit • Cover with Clean dressing • Needs scrubbing within a medical centre to prevent scaring and promote healing • Moist dressings help the healing process • Check for Infection later on,i.e. redness, hot to touch, swelling in Armpit or Groin

21. Body’s Reaction to Bleeding The body reacts three ways to control bleeding Blood clots Ends of vessels contract Blood pressure falls

22. Blood Loss P - Posture / Position E - Expose / Examine

23. Foreign Objects

24. Splinter from the Velodrome track

25. Blood Loss P - Posture / Position E - Expose / Examine E - Elevate P - Pressure

26. Pressure Points • Brachial – Upper arm, underneath the bicep muscle pressing against the upper arm bone

27. Pressure Points

28. Pressure Points • Brachial – Upper arm, underneath the bicep muscle pressing against the upper arm bone • Femoral – upper 3rd of the groin pressing the femoral artery against the rim of the pelvis this will take 2 thumbs

30. Pressure Points • Brachial – Upper arm, underneath the bicep muscle pressing against the upper arm bone • Femoral – upper 3rd of the groin pressing the femoral artery against the rim of the pelvis this will take 2 thumbs • Apply for Max 10 mins then release for 1 minute to flush the build up of toxins then re-apply if required

31. Shock Signs & Symptoms • Pale, cool, clammy skin • Ashen, cyanosed skin • Fast weak pulse • Rapid shallow breathing • Nausea • Feeling faint – lower level of consciousness

32. Shock-The Falling Lift • Early – Disorientated / Confused • Compensates by – Fast Pulse - Rapid Breathing - Pale cool Clammy Skin • Feels Faint • Late Sign – Cyanosed • Late Sign - Unconsciousness

33. Shock - Treatment • Treat the possible cause • Loosen tight clothing • Rest – comfortable position • Reassurance – Nil by Mouth • Consider raising the legs – Not in Cardiac cases

34. Head Injuries • Laceration to scalp • Concussion – shaking of the brain • Compression – Bleeding in skull • Skull fracture – cranium / base

35. Levels of Consciousness • Alert and responsive • Verbal - Responding to speech • Pain - Responding to pain • Unresponsive -No response These are most important when dealing with severe head injuries

36. Compression Head Injury

37. Compression Head Injury • Bleeding within the Skull compressing the brain • Loss of Consciousness • Unequal Pupils • Flushed face • Slow full bounding pulse • Vomiting • TREATMENT = 999 Ambulance • Be Neck Injury Aware

38. Concussion • Shaking of the brain • Loss of Consciousness – amnesia • Vomiting • Headache/dizziness = Hospital • Broken helmet = more serious • Treatment, Monitor the Patient for changes, take to hospital if concerned

39. Head Injury Treatment • Gain history • Monitor AVPU, Breathing, pulse • Dress any wounds • If Unconscious A.B.C.

40. Functions of the Skeleton • Gives shape and support • Protects internal organs • Along side major bones are major blood vessels / nerves for protection

41. Classifications of Fractures • Closed – the bone is fractured but there is no external wound • Open – there is an external wound leading to the site of the fracture. The bone may be protruding • Complicated – the ends of the bones have damaged underlying organs

42. Hand Injuries

43. FOOSH-Arm Injuries

44. Broken Collar Bone

45. Broken Collar Bone

46. Complications of Collar Bone injury Damage to Underlying Organs- Punctured Lung causing difficulty in breathing Damage to blood vessels- Arteries and veins leading to blood loss Damage to nerves- loss of movement or sensation

47. Signs and Symptoms of Collar Bone Injury Pain over the area of the break A bump may be felt or a step seen A reddish-purple bruise starts to appear The shoulder appears to sag or drop Inability to raise the arm due to pain People report a popping or snapping sound

48. Treatment of Collar Bone Injury Look for Underlying problems, breathing or massive swelling Apply a sling or at least support the injured side Treat for shock Give pain relief if available Send to hospital for an X-Ray Do not allow to ride any further

49. Leg Injuries

50. Swelling Loss of movement Irregularity Pain Deformity Unnatural movement Crepitus Tenderness Shock Signs & Symptoms of afracture