MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN)

1. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) National Symposium on Indigent Defense Washington, D.C. (February 19, 2010) Sue Burrell, Staff Attorney, Youth Law Center Team Leader, California JIDAN Team

2. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) In the Beginning, there was In re Gault 387 U.S. 1 (1967) California children have had the statutory right to appointed counsel in delinquency cases since 1961.

3. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) Effective Representation is Even More Essential as California Juveniles Face Increasingly Severe Consequences: • Being found “unfit” for juvenile court & facing prosecution in criminal court – upon conviction, facing prison or even LWOP • Lifetime law enforcement records, DNA in state database, sex offender registration, use of juvenile cases as sentencing enhancements • Educational disruption; interference with activities that would reduce delinquency • Difficulty getting back into school; accessing health/mental health services • Lengthy incarceration, up age 25; often in substandard or abusive institutions • Employment barriers - joining the military, working in some professions • Adjusting immigration status • Exercising driving privileges • Obtaining financial aid, public housing and other public benefits

4. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) How Do Things Look for California Juvenile Delinquency Defense in 2010? The Good: • Several statewide conferences focus on delinquency; The Dog Book: A Practical Guide to Delinquency Law since 1994 • Pacific Juvenile Defender Center - affiliate of NJDC (since 1999) – small listserv & core group of defenders • Mobilization of juvenile defenders in relation to state facilities crisis beginning 2003 • Increasing use of social workers, education and placement specialists and some post-disposition work • Loyola Center for Juvenile Law & Policy established 2004 • Attention to delinquency In State Bar Guidelines for Indigent Defense 2007 & Delinquency Court Assessment 2008 The Not So Good: • Unequal access to training and support resources – small core is highly energized, educated; many are missing in action • Inability to connect with one another for support and issue development – 58 different county systems; geography • Lack of clarity on standards for juvenile delinquency representation • Structuring of our work that fails to meet our clients needs (education, post-disposition work) • Compensation structuring in some places that is inadequate to the tasks we must perform • Workloads that are too heavy to assure adequate representation • Lack of career paths for juvenile defenders • Exclusion from local and statewide policy discussions • General lack of respect for or understanding of what we do with the public at large • Even in professional organizations, being overlooked or viewed as a side issue

5. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) The MacArthur Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) Offers a Way to Work on the “Not So Good” in a Deliberate Way: • California team includes Youth Law Center; Center for Families, Children & the Courts; Los Angeles, San Francisco, Contra Costa County Public Defenders; Loyola Center for Juvenile Law & Policy; Human Rights Watch • Focus to be on developing capacity in the Pacific Juvenile Defender Center (PJDC) • Multi-year project • Work with MacArthur Models for Change and National Juvenile Defender Center • Initial goal: building a statewide Resource Center

6. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) Step One: Assessment of Training and Resource Needs • 45% had no juvenile specific training when they began representing children • Of those who received some training, 43% received one day or less • 50% do not work in offices that provide ongoing juvenile delinquency defense training • 70% work in an office with no practice manual or do not know if one exists • 82% work in an office that lacks practice standards or do not know if standards exist • Only 13% were members of the statewide Pacific Juvenile Defender listserv • 71% are not paid or reimbursed for attending training [Survey of more than 200 juvenile defense counsel from 38 counties]

7. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) California JIDAN Work So Far: • Launching of comprehensive PJDC web site with practice materials • Outreach to every juvenile defense counsel in the state (no easy task) to connect them with PJDC • Creating an infrastructure to do work • Committees • Coordination of Training • Expert Corner • Beginning to connect with system professionals on other issues

8. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) Work In Progress/The Future • Develop training for outlying areas of the state • Work toward practice standards for juvenile defense • Model contracts for appointed counsel • Tie standards to workload and compensation • Create training academy; practice manuals; mentoring • Do a better job of explaining what we do and why it is important • Enhance juvenile defense as a specialty profession • Make organizational decisions for PJDC (incorporation, governance, location) • Address sustainability issues for PJDC – funding, staffing

9. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest. -- B. Franklin

10. MacArthur Foundation Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network (JIDAN) For further information , please go to: Web site: www.pjdc.org E-mail: info@pjdc.org Or contact: California JIDAN Team Leader Sue Burrell, Staff Attorney Youth Law Center 200 Pine Street, Suite 300 San Francisco, CA 94104 (415) 543-3379, x 3911; sburrell@ylc.org