Lessons Learned from The Great East Japan Earthquake

1. Lessons Learned from The Great East Japan Earthquake Ｊｐａｎ　Ｊｏｉｎｔ　Ｓｔａｆｆ 21　Ｍａｒ　２０１２

2. AGENDA • Characteristics of the Disaster • JSDF Response • Achievement of Joint Operation • Future Challenges

3. CHARACTERISTICS OFTHE DISASTER

4. DEAD AND MISSING: 19,000+ DISASTER FAR BEYOND ASSUMPTION Earthquake and Tsunami Warning on TV Widespread and Devastating Damages

5. COMPLEX DISASTER - Earthquake, Tsunami and Nuclear - Aerial Water Spray Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant The First Operation under Radiation Environment

6. JSDF RESPONSE

7. DISASTER OCCUR JSDF DR OPS FRAMEWORK AND PROCEDURE X+00 X+72h (Tentative) Time Subjected by Situation Situation Recognition Order by Defense Minister Order by Defense Minister Reconstruction As Recovery Progress Request by Prefectural Governor Request by Prefectural Governor Information to Head of Autonomy Search and Rescue Life Support, Hasty Reconstruction, etc. Unit Dispatch Withdrawal Own Decision

8. GOVERNMENT RESPONSE Large-scale Earthquake, Tsunami and Nuclear Accident HQ for Emergency Disaster Control (Head; Prime Minister) Nuclear Emergency Response HQ (Head; Prime Minister) Support Direction Order and Direction Ministry of Defense/ Self Defense Force Tokyo Electric Power Company Prefectures, Local Autonomies Cooperation Cooperation Response to Large-scale Earthquake (Search & Rescue, etc.) Response to Nuclear Disaster (Reactor Refrigeration, etc.)

9. C2 STRUCTURE OF DR OPERATIONS Regular C2 Prime Minister • JTF-TH HQ operated Ground, Maritime and Air SDF assets for earthquake DR ops • CRF HQ operated necessary assets for nuclear DR ops Defense Minister Chief of Staff, Joint Staff GSDF Unit MSDF Units ASDF Units JTF-TH: Joint Task Force - Tohoku CRF: Central Readiness Force (GSDF unit) GSDF: Ground Self Defense Force MSDF: Maritime Self Defense Force ASDF: Air Self Defense Force Prime Minister Defense Minister Chief of Staff, Joint Staff Commander, JTF-TH Commander, Central Readiness Force Primary Mission/ Response to Nuclear Disaster GSDF Units MSDF Units ASDF Units Primary Mission / Response to Large-scale Earthquake

10. PROGRESS OF DR EFFORTS MAR14 : JTF Organized MAR18 : Established 107,000 Pax Posture 120,000 3/18～5/9 　（約10万6千人、航空機約500機、艦艇約50隻） 【参考】１日の最大派遣勢力 人　 員： 約10万７千人 航空機： 約540機 艦 艇： 59隻 3/18 １０万人態勢確立 100,000 GSDF Total MSDF ASDF 5/10 態勢移行開始 3/14 統合任務部隊編成 80,000 JUL1 : JTF Released 陸上自衛隊　人員約70,000人 5/15 態勢移行開始 7/1 統合任務部隊編成解除 60,000 7/26 岩手県撤収要請 40,000 AUG31: End of DR Ops 8/1 宮城県撤収要請 航空自衛隊　人員約22,000人、航空機約230機 5/11 態勢移行開始 20,000 海上自衛隊　人員約14,000人、艦艇約50隻 3/11 初動対応人数等 約8,400名、航空機190機 5/10 態勢移行開始 0 11 MAR 1 APR 1 MAY 1 JUN 1 JUL 1 AUG 31 AUG

11. ACTIVITIES Search & Rescue in water Search & Rescue near the coast lines Removing Debris Bathing Service

12. PREPLANNED ACTIVITIES IN EXISTING NUCLEAR DR OPS PLAN Evacuation Support １９ Medical Evacuation Visiting Residents

13. UNPLANNED ACTIVITIES 原子力災害対処の概要 Aerial Water Spraying Ground Water Spraying Screening after the Area Entry Search in Contaminated Area

14. ACHIEVEMENT OF JOINT OPS

15. ACHIEVEMENT OF JOINT OPS • JTF Organization and Operations • Enabled large-scale force employment and response to complex situation • Parallel Execution of Missions • Disaster relief and the other regular operations • Bilateral Operation with the U.S. in realCircumstance • Demonstrated outcomes of bilateral exercise experiences • Operation “TOMODACHI”

16. ACHIEVEMENT OF JOINT OPS • JTF Organization and Operations • Enabled large-scale force employment and response to complex situation • JTF-TH • Unified Command and Control • Quick Response to Changing Needs • CRF/JTF-FF • Direct operational control by Chief of Joint Staff • CRF coordinated other government assets (i.e. Police, Fire Dept.) JTF-TH CRF/JTF-FF

17. ACHIEVEMENT OF JOINT OPS • Parallel Execution of Missions • Disaster relief and the other regular operations GSDF: 6 Opns Unit in Tactical Dispositions MSDF: Major Vessels in Opns Dispositions ASDF: Fighter Units in Opns Posture Surveillance around Japan Counter-piracy Activities and PKO

18. OPERATION “TOMODACHI” HQ, JTF-TH HQ, NEA(GSDF) On-site BCAT (Sendai) 10 ships Incl. USS Ronald Reagan 4 ships Incl. USS Essex • US Forces Japan Rapidly Deployed to Affected Areas (Cancelled Some Exercises) • 3 Bilateral Crisis Action Teams • Joint Support Force(Organized on 24 MAR) • Commanded by ADM Walsh, PACFLT • (LtGen Field, USFJ from 11 APR) • 17,000 Pax Involved (at peak) Joint Staff Command Center BCAT (Tokyo) BCAT: Bilateral Crisis Action Team JSF: Joint Support Force NEA: North Eastern Army USFJ: the United States Forces in Japan HQ, JSF BCAT (Yokota AB, USAF)

19. FUTURE CHALLENGES

20. FUTURE CHALLENGES • National Level • Review Disaster Relief Operation Plans • Review Crisis Management Posture • Cooperation among Relevant Organizations • Cooperation with International Communities

21. FUTURE CHALLENGES Review Disaster Relief Operation Plans • Revise Plans to Reflect MAR11 DR Lessons • Review Existing Damage Assumptions • Revise Plans to Include Complex Situations

22. FUTURE CHALLENGES • Review Crisis Management Posture • - Cooperation among Relevant Organizations Relevant Ministries and Agencies Pref. and Local Autonomy NGO, NPO Volunteer Need Further Interagency Cooperation Posture Reorganize Cooperation Posture at National and Pref. Levels

23. FUTURE CHALLENGES • Review Crisis Management Posture • - Cooperation with International Community Assistance from the World Needs from the People Quick, Effective and Coherent Matching between Needs and Assistances

24. Thanks! This baby was rescued three days after the earthquake. A letter from an elementary school girl (She is the only survivor in her class.)