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Deformation Processes

Deformation Processes. BY Dr. O. Phillips Agboola. Basic Manufacturing Processes. There are five basic manufacturing processes Casting Deformation processing Machining ( Joining ( Fasting, welding etc ) Finishing ( grinding etc. Raw materials are converted into finished products

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Deformation Processes

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  1. Deformation Processes BY Dr. O. Phillips Agboola

  2. Basic Manufacturing Processes There are five basic manufacturing processes • Casting • Deformation processing • Machining ( • Joining ( Fasting, welding etc) • Finishing ( grinding etc

  3. Raw materials are converted into finished products • Selection of a manufacturing process to produce a product is a trade-off among a number of variable namely • Material • Shape • Size • Complexity • Volume • And many others • All materials are not cast able, machinable or deform plastically

  4. Types of Deformation Processes • Rolling • Bi-axial compression • Forging • Tri-axial compression • Extrusion (forward or backward ) • Tri-axial compression • Swaging • Bi-axial compression • Deep drawing • In flange of blank: Bi-axial compression and tension • In wall of cup: simple uni-axial tension • Wire and Tube drawing • Bi-axial compression and tension • Straight Bending • Bi-axial compression

  5. Plastic Deformation in Metals • Metals are crystalline in nature and consist of irregularly shaped grains of various size • Each grains is made up of atoms in an orderly arrangement, known as lattice • The orientation of the atoms in a grain is uniform but differ in adjacent grains

  6. When a force is applied to deform it or change its shape, a lot of changes occur in the grain structure. These includes grain fragmentation, movement of atoms, and lattice distortion • Slip planes develop through the lattice structure at points where the atoms bonds of attraction are the weakest and the whole blocks of atoms are displaced. The orientation of atoms, however, does not change when slip occurs

  7. To deform the metal permanently, the stress must exceed the elastic limit. At room temperature, the metal is in a more rigid state than when at higher temperature. Thus, to deform the metal greater pressures are needed when it is in cold state than when in hot state • The amount of deformation that a metal can undergo at room temperature depends on its ductility

  8. When metal is formed in cold state, there is no recrystallization of grains and thus recovery from grain distortion or fragmentation does not take place. As grains deformation proceeds, greater resistance to this action results in increased hardness and strength. The metal is said to be strain hardened

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