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This project aims to design an effective stormwater and deicing management system for environmental compliance, minimizing environmental impact and cost.
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MICHIGAN ASSOCIATION OF COUNTY DRAIN COMMISSIONERSFEBRUARY 16, 2017 Stormwater Detention & Treatment System Stormwater Management ProjectbyRoy D. Hawkins, RLAAirport Planning EngineerGERALD R. FORD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT macdc.us
Deicing Control Program Background NPDES Permit Requirements (2000 – 2010) • Implement Best Management Practices • Collection & recycling (approx. 30%) • Monitor water quality & material usage • Evaluate and report performance annually • Refine BMPs as appropriate
Project Context & Background History of BMP’s & recycling. Public outcry over biofilms. MDEQ response – violation of narrative standards. Thornapple River Unnamed Tributary Outfall 1
2010 NPDES Permit • Additional Monitoring • Deicing Runoff Management Improvements • Long-Term Deicing Runoff Management Program Development Study • Implement approved program that would -- • Eliminate GFIA’s contribution to the nuisance biofilm condition in the Unnamed Tributary • Mandated October 1, 2015 completion
Project Goals: Identify & design a comprehensive stormwater and deicing management system to address environmental concerns & ensure long-term NPDES permit compliance. Include, where feasible, design features that minimize the impact on the environment. Minimize capital and O/M costs without sacrificing anticipated environmental benefits. Commitments: Remove Contribution to Nuisance Biofilm (Required) Build Natural Treatment System Construction Seasonal Bypass to Existing Stream Remove Sediment Remove Trash Project Goals
Design Team and Stakeholders Stakeholders: U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers U.S. Dept. of Transportation (FAA/Highways) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality Michigan Dept. of Transportation (Highways/Aeronautics) Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources Michigan State Historic Preservation Office Kent County Department of Aeronautics Kent County Drain Commission Kent County Road Commission Cascade Charter Township (Planning Dept.) Stakeholders Advisory Committee Engineering Team: Prein & Newhof Mead & Hunt CH2MHill Naturally Wallace Limno Tech, Inc. Barnes & Thornburg Contractor: Kamminga & Roodevoets Stakeholders: CSX Transportation DTE Energy Consumers Energy
System Design Deicing Areas Detention Basins Deicing Areas Treatment System Deicing Areas NORTH
System Design Features/Coordination • Required features of the project include: • Re-routing stormwater from the Airport’s existing north detention basin and stream outfall to a new outfall in the Thornapple River. • Reconfiguring the Airport’s west air carrier apron stormwater system to consolidate all stormwater deicing area runoff and direct that runoff to a new Natural Treatment System. • RCP was specified for this storm sewer piping draining propylene glycol based deicing runoff to the new engineered Natural Treatment Facility. • Three CSX railroad crossings - (One 108-inch pipe bore, two at-grade crossings) • One Primary County Road Crossing – (108-inch concrete pipe bore) • One Expressway Crossing – (48-inch concrete pipe bore) • Diffuser Installation in Thornapple River – (48-inch HDPE) • Sheet-pilling Cofferdam and Dock Construction • Taxiway Construction (6) Coordination with FAA • Permitting – (MDEQ, MDNR, MDOT, KCRC) • Four Stream Crossings • Indiana Bat Construction Schedule • Golf Course Construction Schedule • Golf Course Subcontractor (Finish work)
Phase I Winter Construction Phasing of the project required the jacking in place of 500 feet of 48 inch reinforced Class – V concrete culvert in the winter under the M-6 expressway.
Phase I (Golf Course) Winter Construction Diffuser installation required construction of a temporary dock and a steel sheet-pilling cofferdam. Work had to be done in the winter as not to impact the golf course.
Stormwater Treatment System Floating Booms Outfall from Airport Stage 1 Treatment Cells Stage 3 Treatment Channel Stage 2 Treatment Cells Detention Basin Thornapple River Splitter Box Primary Catch Basin With Sump Water Level Control Structure Dosing Chamber Trash Rack Water Level Control Structure Multiple Aeration Structures (7) Multiple Features: Detention Basin Sedimentation Removal Trash Removal Natural Treatment System Siphon Chamber 6 Riser Diffuser
Phase II - Detention Basin • Restricted discharge (0.12 cfs per acre) • 100 year flood combined capacity • 900 acre tributary area • 185 acre-ft storage volume • Sediment and trash removal occurs in the basin • All deicing flows from primary basin treated • FAA maximum holding time (48 hours) Secondary Basin Natural Treatment System Primary Basin
Phase II - Treatment Cell Construction Construction of the treatment cells included several methods to install the various layers of stone and distribution/collection pipe work. Felt fabric was utilized to benefit the contractor during construction.
Phase II - Treatment Cell Construction The treatment cells included several layers of various sizes of stone and sharp stone medium. Also installed was aeration piping for future treatment enhancement.
Natural Treatment System Cell • Cross-section: • 12” topsoil • 20” sharp sand • 8” of ¼” gravel • 8” of 2” gravel • Total = 48”
Natural Treatment System Layout Secondary Basin Future Treatment Expansion 1F 2F 1E 2E 1D 2D 1C 2C 1B 1A 2B Stage 1 Cells 2A Stage 3 Channel Primary Basin Stage 2 Cells
Phase III Detention Basin This project is the most important environmental project the Airport has ever undertaken. One of only a few in North America.
Phase III Construction The project included enclosing 4 streams with 296 feet of (7 foot x 3 foot, 6 foot x 3 foot, and 4 foot x 3 foot) precast concrete box culvert. In two locations it was necessary to construct the 60-inch and 108-inch pipe over the enclosed streams.
Phase III Construction (Large Pipe) The project included 108-inch reinforced concrete pipe tunneled and jacked under a local railway and county primary road. The 108-inch pipe included (2) 15 degree bends and (3) 45 degree bends. The project also included more than a dozen 4-foot tee manhole structures on the 108-inch pipe and 119 precast structures on other various sized pipe.
Phase V Construction Airfield Construction The project required 4,165 feet of 108-inch reinforced concrete pipe. (590 feet of Class-V and 3,575 feet of Class-III). Nearly 20,000 feet of reinforced concrete pipe ranging in size from 12-inch to 108-inch were used on the project. A major focus of the project was to redirect the existing air carrier apron stormwater east to the new stormwater treatment system. This included several thousand feet of 48, 60, and 72 inch Class-IV & V concrete pipe.
Phase V - Construction This project phase included several thousand feet of 48, 60, and 72 inch Class-IV & V concrete pipe.
Mitigation Accomplishments • Water Quality Improved – biofilm contribution eliminated, natural treatment system, aeration • Consolidated flow from 3 drainage districts to NTS • Removal of typical stormwater pollutants • Trash & sediment removal in detention basin • 100% gravity flow • No energy use – no pumps, solar power • Continuation of current collection/recycling program • Divert base flow (non-deicing season) to Trout Creek • Control flash flows and erosion potential in Trout Creek • Submerged diffuser directs discharge flows • Minimized hauling existing material off-site • Planned for future expansion & increased treatment efficiency
Time & Money Alternatives Evaluation – $570,000 Federal – 89.2% NPDES Permit Negotiations – $77,000 State – 6.5% Environmental Assessment – $350,000 Local – 4.3% Engineering Design – $ 1,177,000 Construction/ Const. Engineering – $17,854,000 Total Project Cost - $20,028,000
2015-16 Event Daily BOD Loads • Daily event loads compared to permit limits • five 24-hour composite samples per monitored event
Questions • Engineering Team: • Prein & Newhof • Mead & Hunt • CH2MHill • Naturally Wallace • Limno Tech, Inc. • Barnes & Thornburg • Contractor: • Kamminga & Roodevoets Thank You
