Introduction to the Industrial Revolution Monday March 26 th 2012

1. Introduction to the Industrial Revolution Monday March 26th 2012 Vocab: • Industrial Revolution • Enclosures • Lord Charles Townshend • JethroTull • James Watt Guiding Questions • What happened to the peasants as a result of enclosures? • What technology was created?

2. The Industrial Revolution • Before the revolution, most people worked the land, used handmade tools, made their own clothes, and grew their own food. • Industrial Revolution: Began in the late 1700’s and is the shift from an agrarian to industrialized society. • Characterized by the changes in agriculture machinery and technology • Population shift from rural to urban areas • Started in Britain. • Slow complex process

3. Agriculture spurs Industry • Second agricultural revolution: Changes in farming that allows the IR to happen • Rich landowners created enclosures • The process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers • Made farming more efficient • Profits rose as farms were producing more food • Peasants pushed off their land and were forced to move to cities to find jobs • The increase in food production led to a population increase

4. People who changed agriculture • Lord Charles Townshend • Changed crop rotation • Told farmers to grow turnips to restore exhausted soil • JethroTull • Invented seed drill which put seeds in the rows rather than hand scattering them

5. New Technology • Thomas Newcomen developed a steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines • James Watt took his idea and made improvements. • Watt’s engine would become the key power source of the IR • The steam engine not only powered machinery but powered locomotives and steamships • Iron • The Darby family created new methods for producing iron • Created a less expensive and higher-quality iron • Used in machines, steam engines and railroads