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Neuroscience Disciplines. Neuroanatomy Neurochemistry Neuroendocrinology Neuropathology Neuropharmacology Neurophysiology BIOPSYCHOLOGY. Brain Anatomy - Three Divisions. FOREBRAIN Telencephalon Cerebral cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System
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Neuroscience Disciplines • Neuroanatomy • Neurochemistry • Neuroendocrinology • Neuropathology • Neuropharmacology • Neurophysiology • BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Brain Anatomy - Three Divisions FOREBRAIN Telencephalon Cerebral cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus
Brain Anatomy - Three Divisions FOREBRAIN Telencephalon Cerebral cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus
MIDBRAIN • Mesencephalon • Tectum • Tegmentum • Periaqueductal Gray • HINDBRAIN • Metencephalon • Cerebellum • Pons • Myelencephalon • Medulla Oblongata
Biopsychology • The discipline of neuroscience that attempts to discover how the various neural phenomena studied in the other disciplines control behavior. • Example: Sleep Behavior • What brain structures are responsible for sleep? • What is the chemical content of the structures? • What drugs promote sleep?
Members of Society for Neuroscience - Departmental Affiliations Department Percentage of Sample Psychology 16.1 Physiology 14.3 Pharmacology 12.5 Biology 11.2 Anatomy 11.2 Neurology 6.7 Psychiatry 5.8 Neuroscience-biology 5.3 Neurosurgery 3.1 Pathology 3.1
Divisions of Biopsychology • Physiological Psychology • Manipulations of nervous system in controlled experimental settings • Laboratory animals • “Pure” or “basic” research
Psychopharmacology • Drug effects on behavior and how these effects are mediated • “Applied” research - purpose to develop therapeutic drugs
Neuropsychology • Effects of brain damage on human behavior • “Applied” research to help those afflicted with behavioral disorders
Psychophysiology • Study of the relationship between physiology and behavior in humans • Non-invasive procedures taken from the body surface • Strive to understand the physiology of basic psychological processes such as information processing, emotion
Cognitive Neuroscience • The neural basis of cognition including thought, attention and memory • Human research involving non-invasive human brain imaging techniques • Involves interdisciplinary collaboration among neuroscientists
Comparative Psychology • Comparison of behavior of different species • Focus on genetics, evolution and adaptiveness of behavior • brain differences that contribute to behavioral differences among species
Somatic Intervention • Bodily Intervention Behavioral Effect ExamplesExamples • Administer hormone Measure Mating • Stimulate Brain Area Measure Aggression • Local Brain Damage Measure Memory
Behavioral Intervention • Somatic Effect Behavioral Intervention • ExamplesExamples • Measure Hormones Female with Male • Measure Brain Activity Memory Task • Measure Brain Anatomy Altered Rearing
Correlational Studies Somatic VariablesBehavioral Variables ExamplesExamples Brain Size Learning Scores Hormonal Levels Strength of Mating
Localizationist Theory • 1800ff. - Gall, Spurzheim • Brain is not a unitary organ • Cerebrum is a mosaic of centers • Each center has a specific mental function • Centers developed in size as a function of use • Centers produced protuberances on skull surface • Anatomical Personality or Phrenology
Aggregate Field Theory • 1824 - Flourens: 1924 - Lashley • Specific mental functions are not localized • Brain acts as a whole for each function • Any part of cerebral cortex is capable of performing all functions
Cellular Connectionism Theory • 1876 - Wernicke: 1861 - Broca • Simple mental functions are discretely localized to single cortical areas • The areas for these simple functions are interconnected • Complex mental functions arise from interactions among several of these areas