1 / 15

Chapter 1 Matter and Energy

Chapter 1 Matter and Energy. Matter has mass & volume -Lesson1.1. Matter makes up all objects and living organisms except for light and sound. Atoms - make up matter; too small to see Mass -g/kg, measure of how much matter an object has.

cynthia-nolan
Download Presentation

Chapter 1 Matter and Energy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1Matter and Energy

  2. Matter has mass & volume-Lesson1.1 • Matter makes up all objects and living organisms except for light and sound. • Atoms- make up matter; too small to see • Mass-g/kg, measure of how much matter an object has. • Weight-N/lb, downward pull on an object by gravity. • Volume - measure of space that matter occupies. Measured by formula V=lwh or displacement.

  3. Matter is made of atoms -Lesson 1.2 • Atom - tiny particle; smallest basic unit of matter (Greek philosopher-5th Century B.C.) • Different arrangement of atoms make up different things in the world. (More than 100 types) • Molecule - 2 or more atoms bonded together (could be different, could be alike) H20 = 2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen. Molecule is the smallest amount of substance made of combined atoms. • Atoms and molecules are always in motion!

  4. Matter combines to form new substances-Lesson 1.3 • Element-substance that contains single / 1 type of atom. As many elements as types of atoms (more than 100) • Compound-substance that consists of 2 or more different types of atoms (molecules) bonded together to become new substances. • Mixture-combo of different substances that remain the same / individual substances. • Homogenous mixture-same. Homogenized milk will not separate! Milk that was nothomogenized will separate- fat/cream at the top, skim on the bottom.

  5. States of matter – Lesson 1.4 • States of matter-different forms in which matter exists. Solid, liquid, gas. Molecules don’t change, but the arrangement does. http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/

  6. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter

  7. Lesson 2.1- Matter has observable properties • Physical properties – characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance using all senses. -Color, shape, size, texture, volume (cm3), and mass (g), density (g/ cm3) • Density - amount of matter present in a given volume of a substance D (cm3) = mass : volume • Physical Changes - change in any physical property of a substance, not in the substance itself. Ex. wool=thread=sweater=wool Color, size, shape changed, but not the substance!

  8. 2.1 • Chemical properties-describe how substances form new substances • Combustibility-how well object burns wood / paper ￫ ashes, metal ￫ rust • Chemical change - atoms are rearranged to form new substances Ex., rust= iron + oxygen Not all chemical changes are destructive as burning, rusting, or tarnishing. Cooking is a chemical change. Ex. boiling an egg. Sings of chemical change: -Odor / smell -Temperature -Color -Formation of bubbles -Formation of a solid (clams & mussels=sea water + other creatures

  9. 2.2 Substances have physical and chemical properties. • Physical changes DO NOT change a substance into a new substance. • Chemical changes DO result in new substance.

  10. 2.2 Continued • Matter can change from one state to another • Changes in state are physical changes because the basic substance does not change. Arrangement of molecules and the space between them changes, but the molecules are still the same. Ex. Water, ice, water vapor • Solids can become liquids, and liquids can become solid Ex. Ice cube, bar of iron/gold/silver

  11. 2.2 Matter can change from one state to another • Melting – process by which a solid becomes a liquid • Melting Point – the lowest temperature at which a substance begins to melt • Freezing - process by which a liquid becomes a solid. • Freezing Point – the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid.

  12. 2.2 Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids • Evaporation– process by which a liquid becomes a gas (occurs at the surface because fastest moving particles are at the top). Heat causes faster evaporation. • Sublimation – process by which solid changes directly to a gas Ex. Dry ice, frozen CO2 sublimates

  13. 2.2 Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids • Boiling - process by which a liquid becomes a gas. • Boiling point – occurs when the liquid reaches a certain temperature. 100ºC / 212ºF • Condensation - process by which a gas becomes a liquid.(Wide range of temp.)

  14. 2.2 Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids

  15. 2.3 Properties are used to identify substances • Physical Properties -shape, size, color, texture. • Density– The densities of many substances have been determined. Compare densities of known substances with the unknown, to find a match, and help to identify it. • Heating Properties –substances respond to heat in different ways; some warm up quickly, others don’t. • Solubility – how much substance can be dissolved in a given liquid. Ex. sugar vs. sand • Electric properties – some substances conduct electricity better than others. Ex. copper vs. dirt • Magnetic properties –some substances are attracted to magnets, while others are note. Ex. iron vs. wood

More Related