Emerging Trends in Technology Integration into Higher Education Sally M. Johnstone

1. Emerging Trends in Technology Integration into Higher EducationSally M. Johnstone 15 November 2005 Richmond, VA

2. Scope of U.S. on-line Activity Over 90% of all public institutions offer online courses (U.S. Department of Education, 2004) About 1/3 of all U.S. institutions offer students programs that allow them to complete at least 50% of their courses on-line (Middle States Association, 2004)

3. Hybrid courses on-the-rise Course management systems are becoming ubiquitous (yet not cheap nor interoperable) In 2004 Campus Computing Survey: 88% of campuses report having a single CMS project; 40% of all college courses have a web-page; 75% of all classes use electronic mail; and 56% of all classes use some Internet resources

4. What’s driving these e-learning activities in the U.S.?

5. Who’s Knocking at the College Door?1988 - 2018 • 3.2 million high school graduates, forecast for 2008-09 – 8% higher than today • More minority students than ever: almost 43% of enrollments by 2007-08 (a 23% increase in five years) www.wiche.edu

6. How things will change Percent Change in Number of Public and Nonpublic High School Graduates by State, U.S., 2001-02 (actual) and 2017-18 (projected) Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2003.

7. Some states will see significant losses Percent Change in Number of Public and Nonpublic High School Graduates by State, U.S., 2001-02 (actual) and 2017-18 (projected) Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2003.

8. Some will see manageable losses Percent Change in Number of Public and Nonpublic High School Graduates by State, U.S., 2001-02 (actual) and 2017-18 (projected) Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2003.

9. Others will see manageable growth Percent Change in Number of Public and Nonpublic High School Graduates by State, U.S., 2001-02 (actual) and 2017-18 (projected) Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2003.

10. A number of states will see considerable growth Percent Change in Number of Public and Nonpublic High School Graduates by State, U.S., 2001-02 (actual) and 2017-18 (projected) Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2003.

11. A few are looking at significant increases Percent Change in Number of Public and Nonpublic High School Graduates by State, U.S., 2001-02 (actual) and 2017-18 (projected) Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2003.

12. Two are off the charts Percent Change in Number of Public and Nonpublic High School Graduates by State, U.S., 2001-02 (actual) and 2017-18 (projected) www.wiche.edu Source: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2003.

13. The creative use of information technologies is part of the response… Growth is not projected to be even among the states Low growth states can not afford to maintain olds ways of doing things - South Dakota High growth states cannot handle demand through current campus structures - Arizona

14. Learning to Share with ICT’s University of Texas TeleCampus - Multiple campuses working together on single electronically offered degree program Illinois Community Colleges ICE – Internet Course Exchange Campuses contract with other campuses for electronic “seats” in classes Great Plains Alliance – 10 universities with similar missions in 10 states sharing electronic courses based on programs

15. More sharing … Project SAIL – (Specialty Asynchronous Industry Learning) National collaboration of community colleges importing certificate programs from one another SOFIA - Sharing Of Free Intellectual Assets California community colleges led by putting course materials on-line for open access world-wide CMU’s Open Learning Initiative Courses that incorporate cognitive tutoring software available for use by schools and colleges for small charge

16. More issues pushing e-Learning Access to high speed internet in place Most students coming to campuses now are digital natives

17. Digital Native Characteristics Marc Prensky points out Growing up surrounded by digital technologies Computer use comes naturally More time on computer than on TV Internet is first reference source Natives prefer: “explore and try” vs. “listen and learn” Expect rapid change and adapt quickly Mistakes are opportunities to learn (Video games) Immediate feedback

18. Digital Native Characteristics Common to listen to music, read, IM with friends- Multi-tasking comes naturally Can perform multi-tasks well (concentrate on multiple open windows) Dislike linier, directed path through information Prefer to wander through many sources of information to construct own meaning “Community of peers” seen as worldwide

19. www.k-web.orgPatrick McKercher – Project director

20. Campus leaders are starting to understand the need to use information and communication technologies to do things differently if we want to afford to have an educated population.

21. Strategies for better service to current students … Tracking of student progress through individual monitoring and feedback Individually tailored programs that allow students to succeed at their own pace Real faculty-student contact instead of the one-to-many traditional classroom “herding” model Scheduling independence for students Continuous improvement in instructional resources and delivery

22. Re-engineering large enrollment courses to affordably allow these strategies …. Carol Twigg will explain this shortly.

23. For technology-based redesigned learning activities to be even more cost-effective, we need to share our limited resources ….

24. Important emerging movement to facilitate sharing of learning content is Open Educational Resources

25. Open Educational Resources Named by UNESCO’s 2002Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries Further defined at UNESCO’s 2004Second Global Forum on International Quality Assurance, Accreditation and the Recognition of Qualifications in Higher Education

26. What are Open Educational Resources? Learning resources Courseware, content modules, learning objects, learner support and assessment tools, on-line learning communities Resources to support teachers Tools for teachers and support materials to enable them to create, adapt and use OER; as well as training materials for teachers; and other teaching tools Resources to assure the quality of education and educational practices.

27. Open Educational Resources (OER) champions the sharing of knowledge worldwide to increase human intellectual capacity. OER is not a degree awarding strategy.

28. Open Content: OpenCourseWare

29. Open Content: Full Courses

30. Open Content: Library Collections

31. Open Content: Subject Area Collections

32. Open Content: General Collections & Tools

33. Wikipedia – 1.4 billion hits daily

34. OCW Movement — Emerging OCWs U Mich ParisTech MIT, Tufts, Berkman Notre Dame Japan OCW Alliance USU Universia JHSPH DAU CORE FETP AVU UWC • 36 institutions live OCW sites • 35 institutions early development • 11 countries and 6 languages Global Sharing of Knowledge

35. 900 courses on-line several with Open Community Links

36. Impact — Use data Educators Students Self-learners 5.7% response rate on 21,500 surveys

37. Self-supporting Community Support(D. Wiley at Utah State University) Generic problem solving models? Posted on Mar 17, 2004 at 03:53PM 0 David says: Does anyone know of a generic problem solving model other than the Williamson (1994) model discussed in the lecture notes? Reply Vote Fire Generic problem solving models? Posted on Mar 17, 2004 at 04:15PM 1 Marsha says: Laurie Hernandez developed a robust model combining collaboration and problem solving. Her dissertation was the most complete statement of her model; you should be able to find it online at http://digitaldissertations.org/ Reply Vote Fire

38. Connexionscnx.rice.edu Connexions is a collaborative, community-driven approach to the authoring of teaching tools. Two basic, interrelated components: 1. Content Commons of collaboratively developed, freely-available material that can be modified for any purpose, and 2. Free/Open Source software tools to help students, instructors and authors manage the information assets in the Content Commons. All available to anyone for no cost – “open” Open community support links just added

39. Connexions Cnx.rice.edu Authors create modules Content Commons Instructors compose courses for students Modify on-line resources or Print books

40. Associated with Law School at Stanford University Developed to offer creators of electronic materials more choices than just “open to all with no control” or “Open to no one.” License forms online with choices like: No Commercial Use = BY: $ No Derivative Works Attribution

41. CC It is hoped that can encourage easier sharing of materials on the Web. Run as an “open” resource to all. Licenses are posted at: www.creativecommons.org

42. Creative Commons Licenses - Growing Adoption

43. Implications of all this Information and communication technologies for teaching & learning are an integral part of U.S. higher education (no longer just a distance learning phenomenon) Growing expectation of new students (including demands to control costs) are pushing all providers to be innovative More and more U.S. institutions are willing to openly share their academic materials with one another and worldwide.

44. Thank you More open resources available at …… www.wcet.info