Greek Vocabulary 3

1. Greek Vocabulary 3 Roots, definitions, synonyms, antonyms, sentences, and related words

2. bigamy • bi, bin – • two; twice • bigamy – • n. the practice of being married to two people at the same time • n. bigamies pl. n. bigamist adj. bigamous adv. bigamously

3. Sentence: Bigamy is against the law, so if you marry a second person while still married to the first, you could be convicted and sent to prison. His secret bigamous relationship caused the family a great deal of heartache after the second marriage was discover upon his death. bigamy

4. Related words: • biannual, biceps, bicuspid, bifocal, bilateral, bilingual • bicameral, bicarbonate, bicoastal, bicycle, bifurcate • binary, binocular, binomial, bipartisan, biped, bisect bigamy

5. dilemma • di, diplo – • two, double • dilemma – • n. a situation in which one must make a choice between two equally undesirable or unfavorable alternatives • Synonyms: catch-22, double bind, quandary, mire, pickle, quagmire • Near Antonyms: breeze, cinch, snap Usage Note: A dilemma is a situation in which a choice must be made between alternative courses of action or argument. Although citational evidence attests to widespread use of the term meaning simply "problem" or "predicament" and involving no issue of choice, 58 percent of the Usage Panel in our 1999 survey rejected the sentence Historically, race has been the great dilemma of democracy. • It is sometimes claimed that because the di- in dilemma comes from a Greek prefix meaning "two," the word should be used only when exactly two choices are involved. Nevertheless, 64 percent of the Usage Panel in our 1988 survey accepted its use for choices among three or more options. ~http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dilemma

6. dilemma Jason’s dilemma was one common to children of successful parents: pursue art school without his parents’ support or follow his parents’ advice and study medicine. When Bailey heard about Tiffany’s anorexia, she was faced with the dilemma of telling Tiffany’s parents so she could get help or keeping a secret that could endanger her friend’s life.

7. dilemma Related words: • dichloride • dimorphic • diphthong • dioxide • diploma • disaccharide

8. hemisphere • hemi – • half • hemisphere – • n. half of the earth divided by the equator into north and south or by the meridian into east and west • half of a symmetrical spherical object • adj. hemispheric, hemispherical adv. hemispherically

9. hemisphere Sentence: The United States is located in the Northern hemisphere, and Australia is in the Southern hemisphere. After her accident, the toddler had a blood clot in her right cerebral hemisphere.

10. hemisphere Related words: • Hemiptera – order of insects • hemistich – half a poetic line of verse • hemidemisemiquaver – a 64th note

11. tetrahedron • tetra – • four • tetrahedron – • n. a solid figure with four plane surfaces • pl. n. tetrahedrons, tetrahedra

12. tetrahedron Sentence: The tetrahedron is a simple pyramid with a bottom and three sides. Our favorite architect’s home is made up of a series of tetrahedrons connected by covered passageways and lush gardens.

13. tetrahedron Related words: • tetrachloride • tetrapod • tetrarch • tetravalent

14. pentathlon • penta, pent – • five • pentathlon – • n. an athletic contest that includes five separate events • pl. n. pentathlons

15. pentathlon Several athletes collapsed during the running portion of the pentathlon, and another needed assistance after the swimming event. The modern pentathlon is made up of running, swimming, horseback jumping, fencing, and target shooting.

16. pentathlon Related words: • pentacle, pentadactyl, pentagon, pentameter • pentahedron, pentagram, Pentateuch

17. hexagram • hex, hexa – • six • hexagram – • n. a six-pointed star made of two equilateral triangles • Near Synonym: Star of David

18. hexagram • The Chinese checkers board is a circular metal dish with a hexagram design on top and indentions for the marble playing pieces. • The hexagram not only indicates Judaism, but also it has come to symbolize heroism and martyrdom. ~www.britannica.com

19. hexagram Related words: • hexagon • hexahedron • Hexane • hexose • hexapod • hexameter • hexavalent

20. heptagon • hepta, hept – • seven • heptagon – • n. a closed plane figure with seven angles and seven sides

21. heptagon • The heptagon is an unusual shape, but it is one side short of a stop sign. • The designer’s use of the heptagon as one of the main building blocks made construction of the geometric wall much more of a challenge, and he had to intersperse pentagons to make the puzzle work.

22. heptagon Related words: • heptahedron – a solid figure with seven plane surfaces • heptameter – a line of verse with seven metrical feet • heptose – a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms per molecule

23. octogenarian • octa, oct, octo – • eight • octogenarian – • n. a person between 80 and 89 years of age

24. octogenarian The feisty octogenarian started bodybuilding shortly after retiring and continued through into her late eighties. Both my maternal grandmother and grandfather lived to be octogenarians, but my great-grandmother became a nonagenarian.

25. octogenarian Related words: • octagon • octahedron • octameter • octave • octet • octillion • a number expressed as one followed by 27 zeros, which is eight groups of three zeros after 1,000 • October • octopus

26. hectare • hect, hecto, hecat – • hundred • hectare – • n. a metric unit of area (land measure not length) equal to 10,000 sq. meters (100 X 100), 100 ares, 2.471 acres

27. hectare Sentence: • Countries that use the metric system measure land in hectares instead of acres. • Although the United States uses the acre for many land transactions, the most widely accepted measurement of large areas of land is the hectare.

28. hectare Related words: • hectogram – a metric unit of weight equal to 100 grams • hectometer – a metric unit of length equal to 100 meters • hecatomb – a sacrifice of 100 oxen or any large-scale slaughter

29. kiloton • kilo – • thousand • kiloton – (abbr. kt) • n. one thousand metric tons • an explosive force equal to one thousand tons of TNT

30. kiloton Sentence: The explosion at the top is a blast equal to four kilotons, and the one on the bottom was detonated under water at the Bikini Atoll. The short ton (U.S. measure) is equal to 2,000 pounds, but a long ton or metric ton is equal to 1,000 kg, making a kiloton equal to 1000 metric tons. 1 metric ton = 1.10231 short ton

31. kiloton • kilobyte • kilocycle • kilogram • kilohertz • kiloliter • kilometer • kilovolt • kilowatt

32. polytheism • poly – • many • polytheism – • n. the belief in more than one god • n. polytheist adj. polytheistic

33. polytheism Sentence: Many ancient and modern cultures are polytheistic, but Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are monotheistic. Buddhism, Confucianism, and Hinduism are three of the most well-known polytheistic religions practiced today.

34. polytheism Related words: • polygamy • polyglot • polygon • polygraph • polymer

35. prototype • prot, proto – • first; primitive, chief • prototype – • n. the original model or first functioning device • adj. prototypical • Synonyms: exemplar, exemplification, illustration, instance, example, representative, antecedent, archetype, forerunner, precursor, predecessor • Antonyms: descendant (also descendent) • Near Antonyms: by-product, derivative, offshoot, outgrowth, spin-off

36. prototype The airplane on the right is a prototype solar airplane which is propelled only by energy from the sun. As is typical with the prototype of an automobile, designers and engineers had to work out several problems and a few computer glitches in the car’s internal systems.

37. prototype Related words: • protagonist • protist • protocol • protohistory • proton • protoplasm • protozoan

38. Root Review • hemi – • half • hepta, hept – • seven • kilo – • thousand • prot, proto – • first; primitive, chief • poly – • many • hex, hexa – • six • di, diplo – • two, double • penta, pent – • five

39. Root Review • hect, hector – • hundred • bi, bin – • two; twice (Latin) • tetra – • four • octa, oct, octo – • eight • gam/o, -gamy, gameto – • marriage, united, sexual union • dem/o, demi – • people • soph, sophy – • wise; wisdom • geo – • earth

40. Root Review • a, an – • not; without • auto – • self; same • –ics – • science; study of; skill; knowledge • dia – • through; apart; across

41. Root Review • the, theo – • God • nom/, nomy – • law; rule; management • dys – • bad; difficult; abnormal; impaired • pan, panto – • all, every • syn, sym, syl, sys – • together; same • biblio – • book • mono, mon – • one; single; alone • –cracy, crat – • government; rule; power

42. Root Review • cycl/o – • circle; wheel • –ology, -logy – • study of • –phobia – • fear of • bio – • life; living things • meter, metr, -metry – • measure • graph, -graphy – • writing • hydro – • water • phil/o – • love of

43. Use this PowerPoint as a study tool. The End