Text Structure

1. Text Structure Patterns of Organization

2. What is TextStructure? How information in a passage is organized We will study sixcommon patterns: • Compare and Contrast • Sequencing/Chronological • Cause and Effect • Problem and Solution • Enumeration/Listing • Process

3. Compare and Contrast • Points out likenesses and/or differences • Explains how two or more things are alike/different Apples & Oranges Alike Different 1. Both are fruits. 1. People don’t eat orange skins. 2. Both have skin. 2. Oranges have more juice.

4. Compare and ContrastSignal Words -Different from -As well as -Same as -Yet -Alike -Either…or -Like -Not only…but -Similar to -Compared to… -Unlike -In contrast -But -While

5. Sequencing/Chronological • Puts facts, events, or concepts in order, traces the development of a topic, lists items or events in chronological order, gives the steps in the process Chrono= time Logic = order Example Jill came tumbling after. Jack fell down and broke his crown. Jack and Jill ranup the hill to fetcha pail of water. ALL stories are told chronologically.

6. Chronological/Sequence Signal Words - First - Next - Second - Finally - Third - Following - Now - While - Before - Meanwhile - After - Last - Then - During

7. Cause and Effect • Shows how facts, events, concepts happen because of other facts, events concepts. • An action and its results are explained. • Lists one or more causes and the resulting effect (s) Effect Cause They performed poorly on the test. Students did not learnthe material.

8. Cause and Effect Signal Words -So that -As a result of -Because of -This led to -Thus -Then -Unless -Reasons for -Therefore -Consequently - Since - Thus accordingly -In order to -Nevertheless -If…then

9. Problem and Solution A problem is presented and answer is suggested. Problem Solution Property is beingspray painted. Require a licenseto buy spray paint. • It is presented as a PROBLEM.

10. Problem and Solution Signal Words • Resolution • Resolve • Solve • Concern • Issue • Problem

11. Listing/Enumeration • A numbered list (Enumeration) • or bullets (Listing) • Order on a list does not matter Winter Sports: • Football • Basketball • Hockey • Skiing

12. Listing/Enumeration Signal Words - one, two, three… • Eight, nine, ten • Pete, Lucy, Molly

13. Process A series of actions to accomplish a goal Information is given step-by-step. In order to getaccepted into college you must apply. Applications require that you answer specific questions about yourself and write a personal essay which must then be submitted by the application deadline.

14. Process Signal Words - Begins with - In order to… - Start here - Step One

15. Tips to Identify • Ask, “what is the author doing in this paragraph?” Put it in your own words. • Have a hunch? Use the graphic organizer to see if the info fits. • Look for signal words.

16. Practice • Read each passage. • Determine how the text is organized: cause and effect, compare and contrast, chronological order, sequence / process writing, problem and solution, enumeration/listing • Write your answer.

17. PopularSports Football and baseball are two of the most popular sports in the country. They are similar in some ways. For one, they are both team sports, and they both require players to advance to an end or “home” point on the playing field. However, football, unlike baseball requires players to carry the ball to the end zone, whilein baseball, it is the defending team that controls the ball while it is in play.

18. The MagicBlanket One day while walking home from school, he found a magic blanket. When he covered himself with it, he turned invisible. At first he used his power to play all kinds of tricks on people. Then he’d turn invisible and hide things, or move a cup when someone was pouring juice to make a mess. He had a lot of fun. But then one day, he found that he couldn’t take the blanket off. He was just stuck invisible. Meanwhile, he quit playing tricks on people, hoping that he’d be able to take the blanket off and rejoin society, but it didn’t work. He is still invisible somewhere right now, and he is very lonely.

19. Studying for a Test Believe it or not, as important as it is, many students do not know how to study for a test. Well, studying for a test is easy. In order to study effectively, the first thing that you must do is take out your notes. To begin with open your notes up to the section that you are supposed to review. Read what you wrote in your notebook. When you are done, close your notebook and see if you remember the ideas that you were studying. Still don’t remember? Open your notebook back up a try again.

20. Low TestScores Many students have been getting low scores on tests and this is upsetting to parents, teachers, and students. Low test scores show that teachers aren’t teaching effectively or that students aren’t learning. Either way it’s an issue with which we are concerned. I propose the following: any teacher who is giving a test should open up their classroom for study groups the night and morning before the test. Maybe by giving students extra opportunities to study, we can improve students’ test scores.

21. Getting ready for College Brian’s mother and he are going shopping to get him ready for college. He has decided that he will need a few things to get him started. His list includes: • Sheets • Towels • A lamp • School supplies • Snacks to keep in his dorm room.

22. Eligibility Being involved in after school sports and clubs is not a right. It is a privilege. Therefore, students have to meet eligibility requirements. If students have any “D”s or “F”s, then they are not allowed to play. Also, if students have behavior issues in class, they cannot be on the team or in the club. students need to keep good attendance. Consequently, If students miss school, they most certainly cannot come to practice. Being on a team is a lot of responsibility.

23. Answers • Compare and contrast • Chronological • Process • Problem and solution • Listing/Enumeration • Cause and effect