Invasive Plant Species Threatening New York Ecosystems

1. Invasive plant species By: Grace Kenyon & Maddie Woodfield

2. Giant Hogweed • One of the most dangerous invasive species in New York due to its ability to cause permanent scarring through painful burns caused by its sap. • Can grow up to 20 ft tall • Originally came from Asia • It was brought from Asia for decoration and became an invasive species • Will kill off other native plants by blocking sunlight • Notify the DEC before tackling it yourself, spray with herbicide, or cut down carefully do not burn.

3. Honeysuckle • There are native and invasive species of honeysuckle present in NY. • These plants grow densely and will suppress and out-compete other native species. • The invasive species are also can harm migrating animals that eat the berries. • Hand removal, burning it in an open space, and herbicides • Some invasive honey suckle came from Asia • The purpose of bringing invasive honeysuckle plants to America • was for decoration purposes

4. Purple Loostrife • Purple loosestrife is rapidly displacing native species such as cat tails • The root system can also raise the water and reduce water flow • Can be pulled by hand, and species of beetles have been released to help control • Europe and Asia • Brought in when seeds were in soil used as ballast in European sailing ships and discarded in North America • Can take over swamp areas easily

5. Garlic Mustard • Europe and parts of Asia • Introduced for medical use and food • Garlic mustard is dangerous to forests because it is able to dominate understories • Can release a chemical that damages relationships between native grasses and fungi • Hand pulling, and herbicides • Can kill native grasses and fungi • Form dens strands that choke out native plants

6. Kudzu • Invasive vine from Japan • The plant was introduced as a centennial exposition in Philadelphia and New Orleans in 1883 • The Kedzu increased the amount of nitrogen in soil so it decreased the soil productivity • Kills off native plants that cant have a high concentration od nitrogen in it soil • Apply herbicide when vines are actively growing

7. Japanese Knotweed and bamboo’s • Originally from Japan • Was introduced as a decorative garden plant • Grows rapidly hard to get rid of and the lack of diversity in plants leads to soil being more likely become eroded • Kills off native plants by cutting off their sunlight • Spray the plant when the flowers bloom with a weed killer

8. Hemlock wooly Aldridge • Native to East Asia • Feeds off the snap of hemlock trees and this threatens the eastern hemlock tree • It was accidently introduced to North America in 1924 • Soil treatment is considered the best way to get rid of the invasive plant

9. Water chestnut • Originates in Asia, China, Japan, India, ext. • It was introduced in the Hudson river – Mohawk river drain basin. It was possibly intentional • Water chestnuts kill most native water plants • Reduced plant growth and reduced levels of dissolved oxygen (can lead to killing fish) • Mechanical, hand pulling, harvesting, or chemical are all ways to get rid of the water chestnut.

10. Japanese Stilt grass • Decreases biodiversity by killing native grasses, sedges, and herbs • Also places where infested often have more invasive species • Originates from Japan • Introduced to North America in Tennessee most likely through packing material • Mowing, Hand pulling, Limit soil disturbance

11. MugWort • Its pollen is a reason hay fever is spread • It is problematic in nurseries, field grown crops, and turf grass • Spray with herbicides • Europe and Eastern Asia • Has medical uses and was introduced for that purpose and through a contaminant in a ship ballast

12. Wild Parsnip • Like giant hogweed, wild parsnip sap contains chemicals that will cause a burn within 48 hours • Europe and Asia • Most likely brought by European settlers for its edible roots • Burn the site where grown fallowed by applying herbicides to site

13. COMMON BUCKTHORN • This plant degrades the wildlife habitat and threatens the future of forests, wetlands and prairies by killing off native plants for nutrients, light and moisture. • It originates Europe • Brought in the 1800 used as an ornamental plant • Remove trees with fruit first to reduce the amount of seeds

14. JAPANESE BARBERRY • Japanese barberry can threaten native species in a variety habitats ranging from closed canopy forests, to woodlands, wetlands, pastures, meadows and wasteland • Mowing or cutting for small populations or areas where herbicides may not be used • Native to Japan • Was introduced as a decorative plant

15. MULTIFLORA ROSE • The multiflora rose invades forest edges in dense thickets that exclude native species • Seedlings can be hand pulled, larger plants can be dug out, frequent repeated cutting or mowing • Native to Japan and Korea • Asian people brought it with them to America and planted them

16. ORIENTAL BITTERSWEET • Oriental bittersweet's vine can strip away the protective bark, of trees and other plants it climbs • Additional weight can also cause branches to break. It can also shade out native species. • Native to Japan and Korea • Introduced in the 1860’s • Vines can be pulled by hand, which should be done before fruiting herbicides on cut stems.

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