Industrial Revolution and Society (1780s – 1830s)

1. Industrial Revolution and Society(1780s – 1830s) Chapter 12, Sections 1 and 4

2. Factors of Industrial Revolution • First Industrial Revolution lasted from 1780s – 1830s • 5 primary reasons for Industrial Revolution (APCAS) • Agricultural practices change • Population growth • Capital, or a ready supply of money available • Availability of natural resources • Supply of markets

3. Industries Change • Cotton Industry • During 1700s, done almost exclusively at home (cottage industry) • New inventions like the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and water powered loom speed process • Coal and Iron Industry • Coal was in higher demand to fuel steam engines • Higher quality iron created through process called puddling • The Factory • Work brought from home to more efficient factories • Growth in labor produces more capital for the population

4. New Technology Spreads Revolution • Railroads made moving supplies long distances easier and more efficient • 1804 – 1st steam powered locomotive in Britain • Pulled 10 tons and 70 people at 5 mph • 1830 – The Rocket is introduced • Pulls 40 tons at 16 mph • William Huskisson – first person killed by train • By 1850s, trains are running up to 50 mph across 6,000 miles of track in Britain

5. Industrialization in the United States • 1800 – 6 out of 7 workers were farmers, no cities over 100,000 people • 1860 – 50% of workers were farmers, 9 cities over 100,000 people • Key to industrial growth was transportation • Canals and waterways branching off Mississippi use steamboats • 30,000 miles of railroad track by 1860 • Labor came from farms and small towns • Sometimes entire families were targeted

6. Societal Impact of Industrial Revolution • Population growth • Result of new crop production methods, fewer wars, less disease • 1750 – 140 million, 1850 – 266 million • New Classes • Industrial middle class • Fueled by industrial capitalism • Replaced bourgeoisie • Industrial working class • Replaced lower classes • Long work days, rough conditions, little break • Early Socialism • Socialism is a system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns and controls some means of production • Wanted equality of all people in all aspects of life • Hoped to replace competition of industry with cooperation of industry

7. Romanticism and Realism • Romanticism • Reversal of Enlightenment thinking • Emphasized feelings, emotions, and imagination as a source of knowledge • Sought knowledge in nature, uniqueness of individual • Realism • Belief that the world should be viewed realistically • Demonstrated this in both art and literature

8. New Age of Science • Medicine • Louis Pasteur develops methods of using germs to cure disease • Origin of man • 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes Origin of Species • Argued Organic Evolution, or that each plant and animal species had derived from a common ancestor • Natural selection – some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others • Relationship with religion • Time period is one of secularization, or moving away from the church

9. Exit Slip • What were the 5 causes of the first Industrial Revolution? • How were the cotton, coal, and iron industries changed following the Industrial Revolution? • What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on social classes?