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The Road to Civil War in the 1850s

The Road to Civil War in the 1850s. Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850. California statehood. Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) . Compromise of 1850.

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The Road to Civil War in the 1850s

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  1. The Road to Civil War in the 1850s Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School

  2. Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850 • California statehood. • Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession. • Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: • Personal liberty laws • Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

  3. Compromise of 1850

  4. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) “So this is the lady who started the Civil War.”Abraham Lincoln

  5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year. • 2 million in a decade!

  6. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants. 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled BannerNYC

  7. 1852 Presidential Election √Franklin PierceGen. Winfield Scott John Parker HaleDemocrat Whig Free Soil

  8. 1852Election Results

  9. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

  10. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians)

  11. Bleeding Kansas • Sack of Lawrence • May 21, 1856 • Pottawatomie Creek Massacre • May 24, 1856 • John Brown _________ • Lecompton Constitution

  12. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

  13. Birth of theRepublican Party,1854 Northern Whigs Northern Democrats Free-Soilers Abolitionists Know-Nothings Opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

  14. 1856 Presidential Election √James BuchananJohn C. FrémontMillard FillmoreDemocrat RepublicanWhig Kansas-less

  15. 1856Election Results

  16. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

  17. What caused thePanic of 1857?? What were itsaffects on the nation?

  18. The Lincoln-Douglas (race for Illinois Senator) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

  19. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine PopularSovereignty?

  20. John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859 A. J. Phelps, the Through Express passenger train conductor, sent a telegram to W. P. Smith, Master of Transportation of the B. & O. R. R., Baltimore: Monocacy, 7.05 A. M., October 17, 1859.Express train bound east, under my charge, was stopped this morning at Harper's Ferry by armed abolitionists. They have possession of the bridge and the arms and armory of the United States. Myself and Baggage Master have been fired at, and Hayward, the colored porter, is wounded very severely, being shot through the body, the ball entering the body below the left shoulder blade and coming out under the left side

  21. The Raid

  22. John Brown’s Trial “ [H]ad I so interfered in behalf of the rich, the powerful, the intelligent, the so-called great…it would have been all right…an act worthy of reward rather than punishment. This court acknowledges, as I suppose, the validity of the law of God. I see a book kissed here which I suppose to be the Bible, or at least the New Testament. That teaches me that all things whatsoever I would that men should do to me, I should do even so to them. It teaches me, further, to "remember them that are in bonds, as bound with them." I endeavored to act up to that instruction… I believe that to have interfered as I have done as I have always freely admitted I have done in behalf of His despised poor, was not wrong, but right. Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I submit; so let it be done!" ” — Excerpt from a speech given by John Brown in court after his conviction, John Brown's Last Speech, November 2, 1859

  23. Execution Insane or Abolitionist Martyr? Present: Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, John Wilkes Booth

  24. Views on John Brown "fanatical, ... monomaniacal, ... a zealot, and ... psychologically unbalanced “…[M]ALIGNED AS A DEMENTED DREAMER... (BUT) IN FACT ONE OF THE MOST PERCEPTIVE HUMAN BEINGS OF HIS GENERATION” "an American who gave his life that millions of other Americans might be free" stubborn ... egoistical, self-righteous, and sometimes deceitful; yet ... at certain times, a great man "if John Brown were still alive, we might accept him." "In the late 1850s a new type of political assassin appeared in the United States. He did not murder the mighty--but the obscure. . . . his purposes were the same as those of his classic predecessors: to force the nation into a new political pattern by creating terror."

  25. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Stewart Curry (20c)

  26. Republican Party Platform in 1860 • Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. • Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. • No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. • Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. • Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. • Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

  27. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

  28. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

  29. 1860ElectionResults

  30. Election of 1860 √Abraham LincolnRepublican John BellConstitutional Union Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

  31. Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden(Constitutional Unionist-KY)

  32. Secession! SC Dec. 20, 1860

  33. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 S.S.BALTIC.OFF SANDY HOOK APR.EIGHTEENTH.TEN THIRTY A.M. .VIA NEW YORK. . HON.S.CAMERON. SECY.WAR. WASHN. HAVING DEFENDED FORT SUMTER FOR THIRTY FOUR HOURS UNTIL THE QUARTERS WERE ENTIRELY BURNED THE MAIN GATES DESTROYED BY FIRE.THE GORGE WALLS SERIOUSLY INJURED.THE MAGAZINE SURROUNDED BY FLAMES AND ITS DOOR CLOSED FROM THE EFFECTS OF HEAT .FOUR BARRELLS AND THREE CARTRIDGES OF POWDER ONLY BEING AVAILABLE AND NO PROVISIONS REMAINING BUT PORK.I ACCEPTED TERMS OF EVACUATION OFFERED BY GENERAL BEAUREGARD BEING ON SAME OFFERED BY HIM ON THE ELEVENTH INST. PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES AND MARCHED OUT OF THE FORT SUNDAY AFTERNOON THE FOURTEENTH INST.WITH COLORS FLYING AND DRUMS BEATING.BRINGING AWAY COMPANY AND PRIVATE PROPERTY AND SALUTING MY FLAG WITH FIFTY GUNS. ROBERT ANDERSON.MAJOR FIRST ARTILLERY.COMMANDING.

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