Problem

1. Problem • DNA is in the nucleus…… • Proteins are made on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm…… • How does the information get from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm?

2. RNA Chapter 10-2

3. DNA Deoxyribonuleic acid Sugar is deoxyribose N base: A, C, G, T Double stranded Contains information about cell activities, cell division, and the code to make proteins Stays in the nucleus RNA Ribonucleic acid Sugar is ribose N base: A, C, G, U Single stranded Reads the information carried by DNA Transfers information on making proteins Leaves the nucleus 3 types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA DNA & RNA are both Nucleic Acids

4. RNA types • Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm • Transfer RNA (tRNA): reads the mRNA and brings the proper amino acid to the ribosome (contains an anti-codon on one end and an amino acid on the other) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): component of the ribosomes

5. Takes place in the nucleus of the cell The process where genetic information from DNA is “downloaded” to messenger RNA Transcription

6. Transcription • Works just like DNA replication, but produces only one strand of mRNA • The DNA is unzipped by the enzyme “Helicase” • Starts at the promoter and goes to the terminator • The enzyme “RNA Polymerase” reads the DNA and pairs complimentary RNA nucleotides to the RNA strand • The mRNA leaves the nucleus • DNA zips back up

7. The strand of mRNA is complimentary because it is constructed from the DNA nucleotide sequence! • Remember: Uracil replaces Thymine in the mRNA sequence

8. Transcription Animation http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html

9. Practice • If the DNA strand is AACT, what would the newly synthesized RNA strand be?