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Sharon Q. Yang, Rider University, NJ Yan Yi Lee, Wagner College, NYC

Is Semantic Web Our Future? Computers in Libraries Conference 2012 March 21-23, 2012 Hilton Washington Washington , DC. Sharon Q. Yang, Rider University, NJ Yan Yi Lee, Wagner College, NYC. What is Semantic Web?. A vision by Tim Berners-Lee, Director of World Wide Web Consortium, in

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Sharon Q. Yang, Rider University, NJ Yan Yi Lee, Wagner College, NYC

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  1. Is Semantic Web Our Future? Computers in Libraries Conference 2012March 21-23, 2012Hilton Washington Washington, DC Sharon Q. Yang, Rider University, NJ Yan Yi Lee, Wagner College, NYC

  2. What is Semantic Web? • A vision by Tim Berners-Lee, Director of World Wide Web Consortium, in late 1999 • Web 3.0, Giant Global Graph, Web of linked data, a web of data • An extension of current Web, not a replacement • “A web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines” –Tim Berners-Lee *Photo of Tim Berners-Lee in 2005 from Wikipedia

  3. Three Things to Remember about Semantic Web • Machines understand/process data • Entity relationships (RDA is also about entity relationships) • Relationships between humans and things • properties of humans and things (attributes and values) • A Web of linked data vs. a Web of linked documents

  4. Demos of Semantic Web Applications • Hakia at http://www.hakia.com (a semantic Search engine) • Friend of A Friend at http://www.foaf-search.net/ • LIBRIS Swedish Union Catalog at http://libris.kb.se/index.jsp?language=en • Isearch at http://www.isearch.com/?refer=3338 • Dbpedia at http://dbpedia.neofonie.de/browse/ • Notable Names Database at www.NNDB.com

  5. A Word May Have Many Meanings… • I love Boston-Which of the 26 Bostons in the world? • UC Berkeley –People write it in 50 different ways on the Internet (MetawebInc . at http://wiki.freebase.com/wiki/Main_Page) • A single entity? • A single entity vs. text of different meanings and spellings • A single entity is a thing, place, person, concept, object or anything

  6. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) • An entity may be represented by URI in Semantic Web • An entity is also called a resource • Examples of URI from LCSH in SKOS • Example of URI - Shakespeare • Example of URI – 911 Terrorist attacks • Example of URI- Semantic Web • URI is am important basic building block in linking data

  7. Resource Description Framework (RDF)-Entity Relationship Model RDF statements are often referred to as “triples” that consist of a subject, predicate, and object, which correspond to a resource (subject), a property (predicate), and a property value (object).

  8. RDF Triples • Subject – an entity (can be a URI) • Predicate -property or attribute (can be a URI) • Object – a property value (can be a URI) • Examples: • New York-- is place of publication of --Raintree County • Viking Penguin-- is publisher of --Raintree County • 1994-- is date of publication of-- Raintree County (CarenKoyle “Library Data in the Web World”) • T-shirt –color-red • Languages: RDF/XMS, N3, Turtle, N-Triples, Json

  9. RDF/XML ”The Secret Agent” is written by Joseph Conrad <rdf:RDF      xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"      xmlns:lib="http://www.zvon.org/library">  <rdf:Description about="The Secret Agent">           <lib:creator>Joseph Conrad</lib:creator>     </rdf:Description>           </rdf:RDF> Is created by *RDF Tutorial at http://zvon.org/xxl/RDFTutorial/General/contents.html http://library.rider.edu/books/TheSecretAgent http://www.nndb.com/JosephConrad

  10. Share and Link Data? MS SQL Oracle MySQl

  11. Interoperability and Cross Domain Sharing Shared Base Ontology and Common Vocabulary Database 3 Database 1 Database 2

  12. Vocabularies and Ontologies • Vocabulary - A collection of terms given a well-defined meaning that is consistent across contexts. • Ontology - Allows you to define contextual relationships behind a defined vocabulary. It is the cornerstone of defining a knowledge domain. (Semantic Modeling Tutorial at www.linkeddatatools.com)

  13. Semantic Web Ontologies • “An ontology is a formal specification of a shared conceptualization”1 • “the success of the semantic Web depends predominantly on the proliferation of ontologies…” 2 • Different domain has different ontology • Ontologies are written in Web Ontology Language (OWL) and RDFS (RDF Schema) and others. 1. Tom Gruber at http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html 2. Kaushal Girl “Role of Ontology in Semantic Web”

  14. Finished Ontologies

  15. Illustration Database 2 Database 1

  16. More on Ontology Place United States RDF: type RDFS: subClassOf RDFS: subClassOf P:subdivisonName RDF: type Workplace Lawrenceville Location Has Has Person University works for Is Institution

  17. Power of Inference in Semantic Web • Inference establishes new relationships • Example • Tom is a cat • Every cat is a mammal (defined in ontology) • Tom is a mammal

  18. Advantages of Joining Semantic Web • Bibliographical data is now stored in databases and not searchable on the Web. • Silos, invisible Web, dark Web, deep Web, hidden Web • Releasing bibliographical data and displaying it on the Internet • Searching and retrieval by semantic relationships • Shared standards and data models with the rest of the world • Data exchange with other metadata communities

  19. Semantic Web Development in Libraries • RDA Vocabulary & OMR (JSC/CDMI/ALA) • MulDiCat(IFLA) • Authorities and Vocabularies (LC) • Linked Data Research (OCLC Research Projects)

  20. RDA Vocabularies and OMR • RDA (Resource Description and Access) - New Cataloging Rules, released in 2009 - US National Libraries RDA Test, July 2010 ̴ March 2011 - Implementation, March 31, 2013 - Based on FRBR, FRAD standards, Entity-Relationship - Build Semantic Web enabled vocabularies • RDA Vocabularies published in OMR (Open Metadata Registry)

  21. RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continued • OMR – Open Metadata Registry - Formerly founded by NSDL (National Science Digital Library) - Currently managed by Metadata Management Associates - Available openly to anyone who wish to use the service - Used by the resource description community - Used by Semantic Web developers - Goals: Metadata discovery Reuse Standardization Interoperability

  22. RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continued • RDA Vocabularies published in OMR, 2011 ̴ 2012 - DCMI/RDA Task Group - JSC for development of RDA - ALA (Co-Publisher of RDA) • Base Domain: http://rdvocab.info/ • Data model: SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) • Stand model: RDF

  23. RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continued

  24. RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continue

  25. RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continue

  26. RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continue “The Committee is committed to publishing and maintaining the content of the RDA vocabularies, synchronized with the text of RDA, in order to support their use by the resource description community and by developers of Semantic Web applications” – Alan Danskin, 2011 (Chair of JSC, 2009 – 2011) “The RDA vocabularies represent many decades of library experience and practice which is now shared with the rest of the world.” - Gordon Dunsire, 2011 (co-Chair of the DCMI/RDA Task Group)

  27. MulDiCat • MulDiCat – Multilingual Dictionary of Cataloging Terms and Concepts - MulDiCatWorking Group, IFLA Cataloging Section - Definitions for terms and concepts used by catalogers - In 27 different languages (will be more) - Authoritative translations of IFLA cataloging standards - Store in IFLA namespace as a SKOS file - IFLA Namespaces - iflastandards.info

  28. MulDiCat - continued

  29. Authorities and Vocabularies • Library of Congress Authority Data in SKOS • Delivered as Linked-Data • Accessible for both human and machine • Visualization of relationships between concepts and values • id.loc.gov

  30. Authorities and Vocabularies - continued Include - LC Subject Headings - LC Name Authority File - LC Children’s Subject Headings - Genre/Form Terms - Thesaurus of Graphic Materials ……

  31. Authorities and Vocabularies - continued

  32. Linked Data Research • OCLC Linked Data Research - Identify things via URIs - Improve discovery • Related research projects - FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) - VIAF (The Virtual International Authority File)

  33. FAST • FAST – Faceted Application of Subject Terminology - An experimental Linked Data service by OCLC - Adapt LCSH with simplified syntax - Easy to understand, apply, and use - Data model: SKOS - FAST Linked Data http://experimental.worldcat.org/fast/

  34. FAST - continued Link to LCSH at id.loc.gov

  35. VIAF • VIAF – The Virtual International Authority File - International Joint project (LC, German National Library, National Library of France, etc.) - A single authority service - combined 21 name authority files from 18 organizations around the world - Hosted in OCLC http://viaf.org - Plays a role in Semantic Web

  36. VIAF - continued

  37. Giant Graph (Wikipedia)

  38. Giant Graph (Wikipedia)

  39. Is Semantic Web Our Future? Food for Thought… Image from http://www.projectappleseed.org/homework.html

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