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Design of engineering systems by transforming knowledge between fields.

Design of engineering systems by transforming knowledge between fields. Solving Engineering Design Problems. Transformations make possible to seek for solution for design problem in engineering domain D a in some other engineering domain D b related to D a through graph representations.

david-copeland
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Design of engineering systems by transforming knowledge between fields.

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  1. Design of engineering systems by transforming knowledge between fields.

  2. Solving Engineering Design Problems Transformations make possible to seek for solution for design problem in engineering domain Da in some other engineering domain Db related to Da through graph representations. T’(…(T(problem(Da))) = problem(Db) DESIGN=solution(problem(Da))= =T’-1(…T-1 (solution(problem(gk))) … Gl Dj T T-1 solution(problem(gk)) problem(gk) solution(problem(si)) problem(si)

  3. G1 G2 Db Da D T’ gj gi sj T si Db Gl Da T’ T-1 kb kg ka Design methods We distinguish two design methods for performing design through transformations: one employing common graph representation and other employing the dual representations.

  4. 5 2 A C 1 4 B D 3 6 Common Representation Design Technique Db Gl Da T’ T-1 kb kg ka

  5. 5 2 A C 1 4 B D 3 6 Common Representation Design Technique

  6. Dual Representation Design Technique G1 G2 Db Da D T’ gj gi sj T si

  7. Dual Representation Design Technique

  8. Examples Common Design Technique: Mechanical Rectifier Steering Wheel Clipping Mechanism Alternative Rectifier Dual Design Technique: Beam Rectifier

  9. Common Representation Design Technique Mechanical Rectifier

  10. Input angular velocity in Output angular velocity out Mechanical system to be found Requirement: out=|in| The given problem: design a mechanical rectifier

  11. Input potential difference source in Output potential difference out Potential Graph to be found Requirement: out=|in| Transforming the problem to the terminology of the graph representation

  12. Transforming the problem to the other engineering domain - electronics

  13. The solution existing in electronics – Bridge rectifier circuit

  14. A C D B Building the graph representation of the solution 5 2 C A 4 1 D B 3 6

  15. A C D B Building the mechanical system with the same graph representation 5 2 The mechanical system will be constructed gradually by augmenting one element at a time in accordance to the edges of the graph A C 1 4 B D 3 6

  16. Potential difference source edge AB – edge where the potential difference is given 5 2 A C 1 4 B D 3 6 A C D B

  17. Externally rotated shaft AB – shaft whose relative velocity is determined 5 2 A C 1 4 1 A B B D 3 6 A A B C D B

  18. Sign Convention Negative potential Negative velocity – out of the plane Positive potential Positive velocity – into the plane 5 2 A C 1 4 1 A B B D 3 6 A A B C D B

  19. Unidirectional edge 2 – edge forcing the potential of A be higher or equal to the potential of C 5 2 A C 1 4 1 A B B D 3 6 A A B C D B C  A VCVA

  20. Overrunning clutch 2 – kinematical pair forcing the velocity of A be higher or equal to the velocity of C 5 2 A C 1 4 1 C A 2 B B D 3 6 VC C C A VC C C A VA B A C D C B A VC<0VA=VC VCVA VC  0VA=0

  21. Unidirectional edge 3 – edge forcing the potential of D be higher or equal to the potential of B 5 2 A C 1 4 1 C A 2 B B D 3 6 VC C C A A B C D B

  22. Overrunning clutch 3 – kinematical pair forcing the velocity of D be higher or equal to the velocity of B 5 2 A C 1 4 1 C A 2 3 B B D 3 D 6 VC C C A A VBVD B D D VD VB B C D D VD B

  23. Edge 4 – edge measuring the potential difference between C and D 5 2 A C 1 4 1 C A 2 3 B B D 3 D 6 VC C A A B D VD C D B

  24. Shaft 4 – shaft whose velocity is equal the relative velocity between joints C and D 5 2 A C 1 4 1 4 C A 2 3 B B D 3 D 6 C A Output A B D C D B

  25. Unidirectional edge 5 – edge forcing the potential of D be higher or equal to the potential of A 5 2 A C 1 4 1 4 C A 2 3 B B D 3 D 6 C A A VA B C VC D A C D B

  26. Overrunning clutch 5 – kinematical pair forcing the velocity of D be higher or equal to the velocity of A 5 2 A C 1 4 1 4 D= - C C A 2 5 3 B B D 3 D 6 C VD D D A A A VA B B C VC D A C D B

  27. Unidirectional edge 6 – edge forcing the potential of B be higher or equal to the potential of C 5 2 A C 1 4 1 4 C D A 2 5 3 B B D 3 D 6 C D A A A B B D C D B

  28. Overrunning clutch 6 – kinematical pair forcing the velocity of B be higher or equal to the velocity of C 5 2 A C 1 4 1 4 C D A 2 5 3 6 B B D 3 D C 6 C D A A Output A B B D C C D B

  29. The prototype of mechanical rectifier was built at the laboratory of kinematical systems in Tel-Aviv university and successfully tested. 5 2 A C 1 4 B D 3 6

  30. Comparing the behavior of the original electronic circuit and the mechanical rectifier: forward operation mode- positive potential/velocity - negative potential/velocity A 4 1 5 2 D C A 2 5 4 1 D 0 C 3 6 B D C 6 Input 3 Output B D C A A • A Input B B D C Output

  31. Comparing the behavior of the original electronic circuit and the mechanical rectifier: inverse operation mode- positive potential/velocity - negative potential/velocity A 4 1 5 2 D C A 2 5 4 1 D 0 C 3 6 B D C 6 Input 3 Output B Input D C A A • A B B D C Output

  32. Comparing the behavior of the original electronic circuit and the mechanical rectifier: illegal operation mode- positive potential/velocity - negative potential/velocity Output A 4 1 5 2 D C A 2 5 4 D C 3 6 B D C 6 Input 3 B D C A A B B C D

  33. 5 2 A C 1 4 B D 3 6 Common Representation Design Technique

  34. Developing a new design of a Steering Wheel Mechanism

  35. This general framework opens wider possibilities for employing the approach of transforming knowledge for design. Here we will show an example of developing a new steering wheel mechanism FGR Flow Graph Representation RGR Resistance Graph Representation Electronic circuit Dynamical system New concept of a power steering mechanism Electronic circuits Electronic transistor Frames

  36. The model of the new concept for the steering wheel mechanism was built and successfully tested in the mechanical lab of Tel-Aviv University. The properties exhibited by the device do not exist in any of the known devices of such type. Additional design cases have been solved by means of the approach. Some of them have systematically yielded known devices that only recently have been patented.

  37. Dual Representation Design Technique Case Study

  38. Simple design case – beam force amplifier Beam system to be found Pin Pout>> Pin

  39. Simple design case – beam force amplifier Beam system to be found Pin Pout>> Pin win Gear system to be found wout>>win Graph Representation I Graph Representation II ? ? Meta-level Transforming the original problem (beam) to the secondary domain (gear trains) Engineering Domain I Engineering Domain II ? ?

  40. Choosing one of the solutions Existing solutions in the domain of gear trains Beam system to be found Pin Pout>> Pin Drilling machine Gearbox 2 4 3 5 C C win Gear system to be found wout>>win Electrical screwdriver transmission B B wout 1 A A G G win Other gear systems Graph Representation I Graph Representation II Meta-level Engineering Domain I Engineering Domain II ? ? !

  41. Transforming solution to original domain 0 G B A B A 1 2 3 4 5 B A B A C G C System to be found Pin I II III IV Pout>> Pin C G C G G 0 2 2 4 4 3 3 5 5 C C C C B B B B wout wout 1 1 A A A A G G G G win win Graph Representation I Graph Representation II Meta-level Engineering Domain I ? !

  42. Transforming solution to original domain Graph Representation I Graph Representation II 1 2 3 4 5 B A B A System to be found Pin Pout>> Pin C G C G G 0 2 4 Engineering Domain I 3 5 P C C B B wout 1 A A G G win 0 G B A B A C G C I II III IV G Meta-level C B A G I II III IV ? ! !

  43. C C C C DESIGN A BEAM FORCE AMPLIFIER ? !

  44. Additional Design ExamplesDesign of clipping mechanism

  45. Systematic design of clipping mechanism Input is any coordinate Output coordinate mustn’t exceed a given limit Kinematical system to be found Requirement: lout= lin - lc

  46. Systematic design of clipping mechanism Input potential difference source in Output potential difference out Potential Graph to be found Requirement: Dout = Din - Dc

  47. Systematic design of clipping mechanism Electronic circuit to be found V Vin Requirement: Vout = Vin - Vc

  48. B A C V 0 The solution existing in electronics

  49. Systematic design of clipping mechanism B A A B V C V C 0 0

  50. Systematic design of clipping mechanism B A A A V C 0 0 0 Step 1 Step 4

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