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18.1: The Movement Begins

18.1: The Movement Begins. NAACP Goal: To fight and end segregation through the Supreme Court; public education was the focus Lead Attorney: Thurgood Marshall First AA Supreme Court Justice; retired 1991; died 1993 Rosa Parks defended by E.D. Nixon; boycott led by MLK.

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18.1: The Movement Begins

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  1. 18.1: The Movement Begins

  2. NAACP Goal: To fight and end segregation through the Supreme Court; public education was the focus Lead Attorney: Thurgood Marshall First AA Supreme Court Justice; retired 1991; died 1993 Rosa Parks defended by E.D. Nixon; boycott led by MLK A. Origins of the Movement Challenging Segregation in Court

  3. 3. Plessy v. Ferguson; 1896 • Allowed for “separate but equal” • Jim Crow laws i. Legally able to separate people based on race ii. Facilities still had to be available for AA iii. Compare/contrast conditions? 4. de facto segregation/de jure segregation 5. The African American vote?

  4. CORE: Congress of Racial Equality Sit-ins: protesters sat at segregated lunch counters until they were served Picket lines Television caught “the ugly face of racism” 6. The Push for Desegregation

  5. 7. Brown v. B.O.E. (5/1954) Four case re: segregation in education Linda Brown Supreme Court ruled segregation was unconstitutional i. Overturned “separate but equal” doctrine

  6. Fallout to Brown v B.O.E. Decision; “separate is not equal”

  7. Resistance to School Integration KKK reappears Whites boycotted businesses that supported desegregation States take time desegregating 8. Reaction to the Brown Decision

  8. B. The Civil Rights Movement Begins • Tonight's homework: pgs. 626-629

  9. Rosa Parks & theMontgomery, Alabama Bus Boycott Taking a stand

  10. Rosa Parks not willing to give up her seat for a white man She’s arrested Dr. Martin Luther King asked to lead the boycott 1. The Montgomery Bus Boycott

  11. Emphasis on peaceful boycott Changing the world with “soul force;” MLK’s influenced by: Jesus, Thoreau, Philip Randolph, Gandhi Boycott lasted > one year Long term effects to bus company? 2. Walking for Justice

  12. 3. Grassroots campaigning to help the movement • Churches helped with support, meetings, and volunteers • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 1957 i. Goal – nonviolent protests against second- class citizens status; voter registration ii. Lead by MLK

  13. Disagreed that the law should interfere with segregation issues Racism will gradually end on it’s own Understood he had to abide by the courts ruling C. Eisenhower Responds

  14. Governor Faubus refused the “Little Rock Nine” to enter school; used segregation/white supremacy as election platform Orders Ark Nat’l Guard to stop students from entering Eisenhower placed Guard under federal control; students allowed in Not protected within the school? Televised… The following year, before start of the school year, Faubus closed the three HS is Little Rock 4. Crisis in Little Rock

  15. 5. New Civil Rights Legislation • Civil Rights Act of 1957 created • the Civil rights division w/in the Dept of Justice; Authority to take anyone to court who interferes w/voting process • United States Commission on Civil Rights – investigate allegations of denial of voting rights

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