Comprehensive Review of Physics Concepts: Motion, Forces, Energy, Electricity, and Magnetism

1. Warm-Up 8/31 • Pick up a Lab Safety Contract • Contracts and Consumables Due Sep. 6th! • UIL Science

2. Pre-AP Review

3. About Science Chapter 1

4. About Science • Units

5. Linear Motion Chapter 2

6. Linear Motion • Displacement vs. Distance • Velocity • v = x t • Acceleration • a = Δv t

7. Projectile Motion Chapter 3

8. Projectile Motion • Vectors • Magnitude • Direction • Scalars • Magnitude

9. Projectile Motion vf = vi + at vf2 = vi2 + 2ax x = vit + ½ at2 • Use GUESS • List what you know • Pick your equation • Remember “Important Points”

10. Projectile Motion • Important Points • Horizontal and vertical components • Independent • Vertical component • Time • Horizontal component • Distance travelled • Ball thrown vertically, velocity at the apex of its trajectory? • 0 m/s

11. Projectile Motion • Vector Addition • Pythagorean Theorem • Resultant vector • SOH CAH TOA

12. Newton’s Laws Chapter 4, 5, 6

13. Newton’s Laws • 1st Law • A body at rest tends to stay at rest, a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless a force is applied. • 2nd Law • F = ma • 3rd Law • For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction. • Action-Reaction Pairs

14. Newton’s Laws • 1st Law • A body at rest tends to stay at rest, a body in motion tends to stay in motion. • Except when there are external forces • Inertia • The tendency of the 1st Law

15. Newton’s Laws • Newton’s 2nd Law • F = ma • Involved in all Newton’s Calculations

16. Newton’s Laws • Newton’s 3rd Law • For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction • Action-Reaction Pairs • You push on the table • The table pushes back on you • Baseball bat hits the ball • The ball hits back

17. Newton’s Laws • Net Force • Overall Force on an object • 0 net force • All forces balanced • Mechanical Equilibrium • 0 acceleration

18. Momentum Chapter 7

19. Momentum • Momentum • ρ = mv • Impulse • J = Δρ • Δρ = ρf – ρi • Δρ = mvf- mvi • J = Ft

20. Momentum • Conservation of Momentum • Momentum before = momentum after • Different equations for different situations

21. Momentum • Conservation of Momentum Equations

22. Momentum • Collisions • Elastic • Momentum is conserved • Inelastic • Momentum is lost • How? • Sound • Heat • Damage • etc.

23. Mechanical Energy

24. Mechanical Energy • Work and Power • Work • W = F x • Power • P = W t

25. Mechanical Energy • Mechanical Energy • ME = KE + PE • Potential Energy • PE = -mgh • Kinetic Energy • KE = ½ mv2

26. Mechanical Energy • Work-Energy Theorem • W = ΔKE • ΔKE = KEf – KEi • ΔKE = ½ mvf2 – 1/2mvi2

27. Mechanical Energy • Conservation of Mechanical Energy MEi = MEf KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf ½ mvi2 + -mghi = ½ mvf2 + -mghf

28. Thermodynamics

29. Change of Phase • Going from one phase to another • Occurs through the gain or loss of heat Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Melting Vaporization Ionization Sublimation

30. Change of Phase Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Condensation Freezing Deionization Deposition

31. UniversalGravitation

32. Gravity Equation • Where • F is force • G is the universal gravitation constant • m1is mass of object 1 • m2 is mass of object 2 • d is distance between objects

33. Inverse Square Relationship • Ratio of distances to force

34. Relativity

35. Relativity • Special relativity • Space-Time • Time dilation • General relativity • e = mc2

36. Electricity

37. Electrostatics Where • F = Force • k = proportionality constant • q1 = charge of 1st particle • q2 = charge of 2nd particle • d = distance between charges What’s the unit for q?

38. Ohm’s Law I = V R • Where • I is current • V is voltage (potential) • R is resistance

39. Units of Ohm’s Law • Electric Potential, V • Volts (V) • Resistance, R • Ohms (Ω) • Current, I • Amperes (A)

40. Electrical Power P = IV • Where • P is power • I is current • V is voltage • Unit for power • Watt

41. Series Circuit • Only one path for current to flow through • All components have the same current • Resistance in series • Resistances add up • RTotal = R1 + R2+ … + Rn

42. Parallel Circuits • Multiple paths for electricity to take • Voltage across each path is the same • Resistance in parallel • Inverse of resistances add up • 1 = 1 + 1 + … + 1_ RTotal R1 R2Rn

43. Series vs. Parallel Summary • A table comparing series and parallel circuits • Voltage, current and resistance of each component

44. Magnetism

45. Direction of a Magnetic Field • When current flows down a wire… • The “Right Hand Rule” • With the right hand • Stick your thumb in the direction of the current • Your fingers show the direction of the field

46. Electromagnetic Induction • A changing magnetic field and a wire causes… • Current • And Voltage • Explained by Ohm’s Law • I = V/R • This is done by… • Moving a magnet relative to a wire

47. Stepping Up and Down • What type of transformers, step-up or step-down, are they following? The primary coils are on the left, the secondary coils are on the right. PRIMARY SECONDARY Step-Up Step-Up Step-Down

48. Waves

49. Describing Waves • Crest • High point of a wave

50. Describing Waves • Trough • Low point of a wave