Patent Information at the Desktop: Supporting Research Innovation in Denmark

1. Patent Information at the Desktop:Supporting Research Innovation in Denmark Jeff Clovis Director, Global Sales Support Thomson Scientific 26 February 2003 Copenhagen

2. Presentation Agenda • The importance of patent literature • Purpose and key uses of patents • Benefits for researchers and students • Growth of patents in Academic settings (US and Canadian examples) • Denmark’s challenge • Key proposals and initiatives from “Industry Policy in Denmark: New trends in industrial property rights” (Danish Ministry of Trade and Industry) • The needs of researchers and students (non-patent experts) • Derwent Innovations Index: helping to meet those challenges

3. Purpose of patents • Protect ownership rights • Affords the inventor exclusive rights to invention for a set period of time • Provide incentive for industries to devote resources to new technologies • “To focus attention on the strategic importance of IPR for innovation and the commercial development of many Danish companies” • Enhance the knowledge base of the public • Legal agreement requires full disclosure of the complete details of the invention

4. Key uses of patents: what the experts do • Part of business development/ legal activities • Conduct prior art searching/ due diligence • Avoid duplication of effort • Measure company performance • Identify acquisition prospects, monitor competitor activities • Find new licensing opportunities • Detect/ avoid infringement • Yet in Denmark “it has not in the past been the practice to assess the value of the company’s rights… IPR is often not used as a strategic tool to enhance corporate competitiveness”

5. Key uses of patents: what researchers can do • Part of the research process • Survey the current technological landscape • Trace the development of technology to identify new research areas • Find solutions to technical problems • Inspire new ideas and new directions • Patents are part of the scientific publishing process along with journal articles and proceedings papers!

6. Duality of patent use • As a legal/business document to protect ownership rights, measure business performance, produce revenue stream • As a scientific paper to find complete details about an invention or gain an overview of a particular area Patents are an overlooked source of valuable and unique scientific and technical information crucial to researchers!

7. What are the benefits for the researcher? • Find immediate technical solutions • Patent gives full disclosure of all details of an invention: descriptions, drawings, diagrams, chemical structures, genetic sequences, etc. • The patent literature is the largest single body of technical information available anywhere (over 20 million patents; 1 million new each year) • Can be utilized immediately: public domain or licensing

8. What are the benefits for the researcher? • Keep up-to-date in your field • 20,000 patents are published per week; 50% are new inventions • Patents are often the first place research information is being reported (before journals, before conferences) • Patents are often the only place research information is reported • Patent applications are increasing dramatically, particularly in university settings, in bioscience fields, and in telecommunications

9. Growth of patents in academic settings • In the United States • In 1980 the Bayh-Dole Act granted permission for universities to license and profit from federally sponsored research; it decreed that universities share royalties as personal income to the inventors. • As a result, over 1600 patents are awarded to US universities annually, producing revenue in the billions. • Academic success stories include Florida State University, which licensed its cancer drug (Taxol) to a pharmaceutical company, generating US$45 million in fiscal year 1998. • Patent licensing can mean significant revenue!

10. Growth of patents in academic settings • In Canada • In 1954 the Public Servants Inventions Act established owners’ rights for inventions by public servants. • Major research universities now have technology managers (IP Management Office). • University of Toronto patent applications include one for “uses for genetic sequences related to Alzheimer’s Disease” by Peter H. St. George-Hyslop • Highly cited authors are now becoming inventors!

11. The Value of Patent Information within Academia Setting a Scene… December 1966 Washington D.C., USA 133rd Meeting of the AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science) … a symposium on “The Place of Information Retrieval and Scientific Communication in the Education of the Scientist” One of the speakers – Dr. Eugene Garfield, ISI discussed the shocking neglect in the undergraduate education of engineers in the use of libraries. Another Speaker…

12. The Value of Patent Information within Academia Dr. John Bardeen, Nobel prizewinner for physics -- twice. His topic: “How can patent literature be made more useful?” Dr. Bardeen stressed the absurd waste of valuable technological information available in U.S. patents. “Bardeen implied that academic neglect of the patent literature, in contrast to journals and books, is an unjustifiable form of snobbism.” Science, v156, n3780, 1967 It was, and is a challenge to get those performing basic research within academia to routinely consult patent literature as a source for scientific information.

13. The Value of Patent Information within Academia 'When we spliced the profit gene into academic culture, we created a new organism -- the recombinant university. We reprogrammed the incentives that guide science. The rule in academe used to be "publish or perish." Now bioscientists have an alternative -- "patent and profit." ' Paul Berg, Stanfordin a 13aug01 San Francisco Chronicle

14. The Value of Patent Information within Academia “Whether or not one’s own research is of a ‘patentable’ variety, patent literature may certainly hold information that is beneficial to the progress of that research.”

15. Need for patent information in academic settings • Academic authors are becoming inventors • Patents are now a fundamental part of the scientific publication process along with journal articles and conference papers. • The information in the patent literature cannot be overlooked during the research process. • Institutions of higher learning are partnering with the corporate research community – business incubators for technology transfer. Patent information sources must be promoted at the desktop at the university level to ensure that Denmark’s future innovators have the competitive edge

16. ... Importance of IPR: Japan

17. Importance of IPR: Australia

18. Importance of IPR: Denmark

19. Denmark: Total Papers 1981-2002

20. Denmark’s World Share, 1981-2002

21. Total Citations, in Five-Year Moving Windows, 1981-2002

22. Denmark’s Cites/Paper, in Five-Year Moving Windows, 1981-2002

23. Denmark’s Relative Impact, in Five-Year Moving Windows, 1981-2002

24. Denmark: World Share 1998-2002 by broad field areas Rank Field Years Percent Papers World 1 DENMARK Microbiology 98-02 1.75 1,412 80,516 2 DENMARK Ecology/Environment 98-02 1.75 1,608 91,906 3 DENMARK Biology & Biochemistry 98-02 1.70 4,614 271,103 4 DENMARK Plant & Animal Science 98-02 1.57 3,498 222,482 5 DENMARK Agricultural Sciences 98-02 1.56 1,312 83,993 6 DENMARK Immunology 98-02 1.46 928 63,617 7 DENMARK Space Science 98-02 1.45 652 44,873 8 DENMARK Geosciences 98-02 1.34 1,365 102,106 9 DENMARK Clinical Medicine 98-02 1.22 10,545 864,366 10 DENMARK Economics & Business 98-02 1.12 560 49,954 11 DENMARK Pharmacology 98-02 1.12 862 76,924 12 DENMARK Molecular Biol & Genetics 98-02 1.07 1,170 108,910 13 DENMARK Neurosciences & Behavior 98-02 0.99 1,388 140,510 14 DENMARK Physics 98-02 0.88 3,952 449,109 15 DENMARK Computer Sciences 98-02 0.77 335 43,358 16 DENMARK Chemistry 98-02 0.74 3,717 499,801 17 DENMARK Mathematics 98-02 0.70 457 65,054 18 DENMARK Engineering 98-02 0.65 1,732 268,056 19 DENMARK Social Sciences, general 98-02 0.59 759 129,395 20 DENMARK Psychology/Psychiatry 98-02 0.49 482 98,297 21 DENMARK Materials Science 98-02 0.41 568 136,923

25. Danish Patent Filing through the Danish Patent Authority

26. Danish Patents by Technology Class

27. Total Patents with Denmark as the Priority Country 1998 586 1999 649 2000 696 2001 790 2002 725 Total Listed with Denmark as one of the Designated States (where the inventor has designated that he/she will follow through to secure IPR in Denmark) 1998 97,139 1999 107,883 2000 120,690 2001 142,019 2002 128,149 Danish Patents filed through the EPO and WIPO

28. Denmark: Proposals for research innovation • “In a knowledge society, intellectual assets represent the very cornerstone of corporate competitiveness.” • The needs of researchers and students (non-patent experts): • “Enterprises will have to be made more conscious of the fact that already available patent information is a good source of new technical knowledge” • “Graduates and researchers at institutions of higher education must be given this knowledge as part of their training; preferably, it should be a skill acquired through conducting their own research.”

29. Meeting the needs of Denmark’s researchers • Problem: “Patent information as a source of knowledge… [is not widespread] because – to the non-specialist – patent literature can appear complex and difficult to understand” • Solution: Derwent Innovations Index • Easy-to-use interface based on Web of Science • Enhanced title descriptions end frustration over cryptic invention titles • Abstracts rewritten with an inventions USE, ADVANTAGE, and NOVELTY clearly indicated • Part of the ISI Web of Knowledge integrating journal, proceedings, and patent information for R&D discovery

30. The importance of DII for the Academic Market • Comprehensive coverage of all major and minor patent issuing authorities (40+ authorities inclusive of the EP and WIPO) • Compared with internet services - free and pay-for-use • Multidisciplinary Coverage of ALL technologies • 70-80% is new information; currency and value • Derwent Value Add • Descriptive titles and abstracts – usable, retrievable information • Derwent Classification that standardizes differences across patenting authorities • Patent Family structure to view patenting throughout the world • A Easy to Use Interface designed for 24/7 access at the desktop

31. Author’s original patent title (free Internet services) “Setting machine” Derwent Enhanced Descriptive Title “Seedling setting machine - has transportation unit for using vacuum to suck withdrawn seedling into predetermined position” Descriptive Titles A two part title is included that describes the nature of the invention and its novelty – ensures completeness and retrievability

32. Author’s original The present invention relates to capsules encapsulating antibody-producing cells, and to the use of such capsules and encapsulated cells, respectively, for implantation in vivo for long term delivery or sustained delivery of antibodies of therapeutic interest. Derwent abstract Capsule (A) comprises a core containing antibody-producing cells (B), surrounded by a porous wall that is permeable to antibodies (Ab) produced by the cells. USE - Ab may bind to and block the receptors essential for viral infection, or they bind to viruses or other circulating antigens. The capsules are implanted for treatment or prevention of disease, particularly cancer, autoimmune disease (including multiple sclerosis …. ADVANTAGE - The capsules, from which no anti-idiotype response is elicited provide long-term or sustained release of Ab and after implantation do not cause an inflammatory response in the host….. Value Added, Descriptive Abstracts

33. Original Patent (all free services) Inconsistent application of IPC by examining authority (not applied consistently across different authorities Consistent application of manual codes – used across all 40+ patent issuing authorities (covers a total of 123+ countries with inclusion of the EPO and WIPO patent filings) Consistent Classification In many services – the free services especially - the classification schemes are applied inconsistently making retrieval of information less complete and more difficult.

34. Value Added, Selected Images Selected by Subject Specialists – Images that Best represent that technical innovation

35. Conclusion – Part One • How Thomson ISI can work with Denmark’s institutions of higher learning to promote use of Derwent Innovations Index as part of a greater information literacy program designed to increase Danish innovation and corporate competitiveness in the world market. • How Thomson ISI provides DII as part of an integrated information solution that allows the researcher to gain a complete view of the scientific landscape in any discipline • Access is via the desktop on an easy-to-use familiar interface that continually is revised and upgraded to provide additional features and functionality – designed to assist the researcher!

36. ISI Web of Knowledgesm An incredible wealth of content -- ISI-Derwent + Partners = depth and diversity What makes the Web of Knowledge so unique? Engineered to work as single resource. Uniquely Integrated like no other platform. • CrossSearch: • 9,000+ International Journals • 100,000+ meetings, symposia, and reports • 11.3 million Patented Inventions . ISI products are registered trademarks and service marks used under license

37. Our research interests involve the development of plant species that will actually assist in the clean-up of polluted soils.

38. We can choose to explore our results using the CrossSearch results summary list as a base.

39. We can also filter results by specific database. This is especially helpful in identifying particular information, such as patent data, within the results list. We can choose to explore our results using the CrossSearch results summary list as a base.

41. There is a wealth of scientific information within Derwent Innovations Index patent records. It should always be considered, never overlooked.

42. Easy to use interface Fields that you are familiar with Novice users can immediately use DII Patent searchers have the ability to do detailed narrow searches

43. The Next Steps – mid-2003 • Development of a modular platform infrastructure • Continue to refine and add new features across all resources • Add new content and continue to interlink content sets and to provide new methods for managing and analyzing content • Personalization • Alerting • Subject, Citation and Chemical Structure

44. Interactive Search Aids Search Aids in ISI Web of Knowledge

45. Personalizing ISI Web of Knowledge (Concept)

46. ISI Web of Knowledge version 2.0 – June 2003 Searches are created in a specific product, but then all are listed here

47. Concluding Remarks • From the EPS Update, 2000. On the Derwent Innovations Index “For those who need to trace the research-to-patent cycle … this piece of connectivity provides a vital missing link. For science researchers who need to move back from the patent to the underlying cited research (and vice versa) the benefit is the same. Cited and Cited Patents linked to cited literature is a powerful combination” The only way to gain a complete view of science – easily and effectively! Combining the highest impact journal literature with valuable proceedings literature and patents – the total scientific landscape at the click of a mouse. Easy to use yet powerful.

48. Thank you! Live Demonstration Question and Answer Session Jeff Clovis Director, Global Sales Support Thomson Scientific Jeff.Clovis@isinet.com