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GPS Standards

Explore the origins, structures, and interactions of ancient societies in the Eastern Mediterranean, China, India, Classical Mediterranean, Byzantine, Mongol, Islamic, African, European Medieval, and Central/South American regions from 3500 BCE to 1800 CE. Understand the significant achievements, developments, and changes during these pivotal periods in history.

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GPS Standards

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  1. GPS Standards Shaniece Houston 2nd Period

  2. GPS Standard #1 The student will analyze the origins, structures and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE. As in Mesopotamia, the development of writing was one of the keys to the growth of Egyptian Civilization. The Babylonian Empire reached its peak during the reign of Hammurabi, from 1792 B.C. Hammurabi most enduring legacy is the code of laws he put together. Uniform code of laws would help to unify the diverse groups within his empire.

  3. GPS Standard #2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. Chandragupta gathered an army, killed the unpopular Nanda King, and in about 321 B.C. claimed the throne. Asoka brought the Mauryan Empire to its greatest heights. India’s second Empire, the Gupta Empire, oversaw a great flowering of Indian Civilization, especially Hindu Culture.

  4. GPS Standard #3 The Student will examine the political, philosophical and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE. By 750 B.C. the city state or, polis was a fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece. The Roman Republic gave way to the formation of a mighty dictator ruled Empire that continued to spread Rome’s influence far and wide. Plato had careers as a wrestler and a poet before he became a philosopher. After Socrates, his teacher, died, he left Greece.

  5. GPS Standard #4 The student will analyze the importance of the Byzantine and Mongol empires between 450 CE and 1500 CE. Roman leaders divided the empire in 395, largely due to difficulties in communications between the Eastern and the trouble a Western parts of legal experts. Justinian set up a panel of legal experts to regulate Byzantium’s increasingly complex society. The code contained nearly 5,000 Roman laws that were still concerned useful.

  6. GPS Standard #5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. By the early 600s trade was in routes, connected Arabia to the major ocean and land trade routes. Trade routes through Arabia ran from the extreme South of the peninsula to the Byzantine and Sassanid (Persian) empires to the North. The grandson of Genghis Khan assumed the title Great Khan in 1260.

  7. GPS Standard #6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800. Early Africans made some of the greatest migration in history. When the migrations were over they or their descendants populated the Southern third of the continent. Mali’s first great leader, Sundiata, came to power by crushing a cruel, unpopular leader. Sundiata became Mali’s mansa or Emperor. By A.D. 200, trade cross the Sahara had existed for centuries. However, this trade remained infrequent and irregular because of the harsh dessert conditions.

  8. GPS Standard #7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics. The Manor system rested on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs. The lord and his serfs with housing, farmland, and protection from bandits in return, serfs tended the lords lands, cared for his animals, and preformed other tasks to maintain the estate. Medieval Christian’s everyday lives were harsh still they could all follow the same path to salvation everlasting life in heaven. A new spirit in which the church and access to more money from the wealth of towns and from trade helped fuel the building of churches in several European countries.

  9. GPS Standard #8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of societies in Central and South America. Around 1860, a worker clearing a field in the Coastal Plain of southeastern Mexico uncovered an extraordinary stone sculpture. Some of the most important developments took place in and around the Valley of Mexico. This site became the site of the greatest empire of Mesoamerica, the Aztec. The mummies were bundled with offerings of food, tools, and precious items to help them in the afterlife.

  10. GPS Standard #9 The Student will analyze the change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation. The prince (1513) by Niccolo Machiavelli also examines the imperfect conduct of human beings. It does so by taking the form of a political guidebook. Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, and a scientist. Michelangelo Buonarroti used a realistic style when depicting the human body. During the 13th century, block printed items reached Europe from China. European printers began to use block printing to create whole pages to bind into books.

  11. GPS Standard # 10 The student will analyze the impact of the age of discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, And Asia. A Chinese Muslim admiral named Zheng He led all of the seven voyages. As early as 1521, a Spanish expedition led Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines. Spain claimed the islands and began settling them in 1565. The British sea captain James Cook claimed New Zealand in 1769 and part of Australia in 1770 for Great Britain. The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas is known as the Columbian Exchange.

  12. GPS Standard # 11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in China from the seventeenth century CE to mid nineteenth century CE. A number of ambitious daimyo hoped together enough power to take control of the entire country. Tokugawa society was very structured. The Emperor had the top rank but was just a figure head. Tokugawa Ieyasu completed the unification of Japan. In 1600, Ieyasu defeated his rivals at the Battle of Sekigahara. The first, Kangxi, became Emperor in 1661 and ruled for some 60 years. By 1600, the Ming had ruled for more than 200 years, and the dynasty was weakening.

  13. GPS Standard # 12 The student will examine the origins and the contribution of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. The most successful ghazi was Osman. People in the west Called him Othman and named his followers Ottomans. Osman built a small Muslim state in Anatolia between 1300 and 1326. In 1494, an 11-year-old boy named Babur inherited a Kingdom, and his elders soon took it away and drove him South. Babur built up an army. The cultural integration can be seen in the art of Mughal India. The Mughal Emperors encouraged the blending or cultures to create a united India.

  14. GPS Standard #13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, Social and economic factors which changed the world view of Europeans. By the mid-1600s, the accomplishments of Copernicus, Kelper and Galileo had shattered the old views of astronomy and physics. Newton helped to bring together their breakthroughs under a single theory of motion. Enlightenment is a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau were committed to writing.

  15. GPS Standard # 14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellion. Absolute Monarch- A king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society. Absolutism- was a political belief that one ruler should hold all the power within the boundaries of a country. Louis XIV- The efforts of Henry IV and Richelieu to strengthen the French monarchy paved the way for the most powerful ruler in French history. He reportedly boasted “I am the State. “

  16. GPS Standard #15 The student will be able to describe the impact of industrialization, the rise of nationalism and the major characteristics of worldwide imperialism. Adam smith, a professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, defended the idea of a free economy, or free markets, in his 1776 book The Wealth of Nations. Karl Marx introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism. Marx and Friedrich Engels outlined at 23- page pamphlet called the communist manifesto. Emperor Meiji The Japanese were angry that the shotgun had given into the. They turned to Japan’s young emperor Mutsuhito, who seemed to symbolize the country’s sense of pride and nationalism.

  17. GPS Standard #16 The student will demonstrate an understanding of long term causes of World War I and its global impact. Militarism was the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war. Italy joined the two countries, forming the Triple Alliance. In 1881, Bismarck took yet another possible ally away from France by making a treaty with Russia. The Treaty of Versailles between Germany and the Allied powers signed on June 28, 1919, five years to the day after Franz Ferdinand’s assassination in Sarajevo.

  18. GPS Standard # 17 The Student will be able to identify the major political and economic factors that shaped world societies between World War I and World War II. Albert Einstein offered startling new ideas on space, time, energy, and matter. Scientist had found that light travels at exactly the same speed no matter what direction it moves in relation to earth. The ideas of Austrian physician Sigmund Freud were revolutionary as Einstein’s. Freud treated patients with psychological problems. Inspired by traditional African art, Georges Braque of France and Pablo Picasso of Spain founded Cubism in 1907. Cubism transformed natural shapes into geometric forms.

  19. GPS Standard #18 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic and social impact of World War II. The marine had little trouble seizing Guadalcanal’s airfield. But the battle for control if the island turned into savage struggle as both sides poured in fresh troops. In February 1943, after six months of fighting on land and at sea, the Battle of Guadalcanal finally ended. The Battle of Stalingrad began on August 23, 1942. The Luftwaffe went on nightly bombing raids that set much of the city ablaze and reduced the rest to rubble. D-Day was the invasion that began on June 6, 1944. Code- named Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy was the largest land and sea attack in history.

  20. GPS Standard #19 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global social, economic and political impact of the Cold War and decolonization from 1945 to 1989. Under their leader, Mao Zedong the communists had a stronghold in northwestern China. From there, they mobilized peasants for guerilla war against the Japanese in the northeast. In 1966, Nehru’s daughter, Indira Gandhi, was chosen prime minister. After a short period of time she was reelected in 1980. After a series of meetings called the strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), Nixon and Brezhnev signed the SALT I Treaty.

  21. GPS Standard #20 The Student will examine change and continuity in the world since the 1960s. Early in 1992, Bosnia-Herzegovina joined Slovenia and Croatia in declaring independence. Bosnia’s population included Muslims (44%), Serbs (31%), and Croats (17%). Pan-Africanism is a sociopolitical world view, philosophy, and movement which seeks to unify native Africans and members of the African diaspora into a "global African community".

  22. GPS Standard #21 The student will analyze globalization in the contemporary world. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an important selective, mainly private, international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is a cartel of twelve countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

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