HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

1. HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

2. Connections between Systems • The Respiratory, Digestive and Circulatory Systems all work together to deliver oxygen and food molecules (glucose) to the cells of your body. • Cellular Respiration occurs and energy is produced. C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O + Energy • These 3 systems also work together to remove waste products, such as carbon dioxide or undigested food (feces).

3. CIRCULATORYSYSTEM • The Circulatory System is made up of your blood, heart, and blood vessels.

4. Red Blood Cells are specialized to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.

5. From the heart, blood is pumped into arteries, which are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. lungs  pulmonary vein  heart  arteries  capillaries  cells Returning to the heart, carbon dioxide-rich blood flows through veins. Then the heart pumps the blood to the lungs, where CO2 is dropped off and O2 is picked up. cells  capillaries  veins  heart  pulmonary artery  lungs Blood Flow Through Arteries and Veins

6. The Circulatory System Makes a Circuit lungs  pulmonary vein  heart  arteries  capillaries  cells  capillaries  veins  heart  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary vein  heart… video2 video1

7. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. They connect arteries to veins inside body tissue and exchange materials with cells.

8. THE HUMAN HEART

9. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • The Respiratory System takes in O2 and gets rid of CO2. • Air enters through your nostrils or mouth, moves down the trachea, and then into the bronchi of your lungs. • The bronchi branches into many smaller tubes. At the end of the smallest tubes are tiny air sacs called alveoli. Each is surrounded by capillaries. • O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries (Circulatory System). At the same time, CO2 diffuses from the capillaries to the alveoli, then gets exhaled. • Just below your ribs, the diaphragm (a large muscle) moves up and down, causing you to inhale or exhale. video

10. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • The Digestive System breaks down food into substances that cells can use. There are two types of digestion: • Mechanical digestion breaks food into smaller pieces. (teeth and stomach) • Chemical digestion uses special proteins called enzymes to break down large food molecules into smaller molecules that can enter cells. (stomach, pancreas, small intestine) • The parts of the Digestive System work together to perform 3 functions: 1. Digest (break down) food 2. Absorb nutrientsinto blood 3. Waste removal

11. Esophagus – a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. • Stomach – where most mechanical digestion happens. Muscles grind food into smaller parts. Also chemical digestion through hydrochloric acid and enzymes. • Liver - produces bile, a liquid that breaks up fat molecules, then delivers it to the gall bladder. The liver also helps to remove waste. • Gall Bladder – delivers bile to the small intestine to break up fats.

12. Pancreas – produces enzymes to break down proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in the small intestines. • Small Intestine – most chemical digestion happens here. Then, small nutrients like glucose are absorbed into the blood. - Villi – millions of tiny fingerlike structures in the small intestines. Blood vessels in the villi absorb the nutrients. Connects the Digestive System to the Circulatory System. • Large Intestine – Absorbs water from materials that cannot be digested. The solid that remains is waste (feces). video1 video 2

13. This image of the liver shows blood vessels called sinusoids as long pink channels, brown tissue that is important in the production of bile. The channels - shown as thin green grooves - carry the bile towards the small intestine to help digestion. This image received an award from the Wellcome Trust, as part of the annual Wellcome Image Awards, for its ability to communicate the wonder and fascination of science. Credit: Jackie Lewin

14. Villi