1 / 14

Age of Jackson

Age of Jackson. Unit IVA AP United States History. Jacksonian Democracy. The “Common Man” Universal male suffrage Strict constructionism Laissez-faire economics Democratization of nominations for elected office Party caucuses to national conventions

denise-ellis
Download Presentation

Age of Jackson

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Age of Jackson Unit IVA AP United States History

  2. Jacksonian Democracy • The “Common Man” • Universal male suffrage • Strict constructionism • Laissez-faire economics • Democratization of nominations for elected office • Party caucuses to national conventions • Increase in local and state elected offices • Rise of third parties • Spoils system • Manifest Destiny “County Election” George Caleb Bingham 1852

  3. Election of 1824 • Democratic-Republicans fracturing • Election of 1824 has four candidates • Sec. of State John Quincy Adams • General/Senator Andrew Jackson • Sec. of Treasury William Crawford • Speaker of the House Henry Clay • “Corrupt Bargain” • House of Representatives chooses Adams • Impact • Establishment of Democrats and National Republicans • Second Party System

  4. House Vote for Election of 1824

  5. John Quincy Adams (NR) (1825-1829) • Son of Federalist John Adams • National Republican • Corrupt Bargain • Most of his proposals rejected by a pro-Jackson Congress • Alienated the South and West • Tariff of 1828 • Tariff of Abominations

  6. Second Party System (1828-1854) • Democrats: • States’ rights • Laissez-faire • Expansionism • Pro-slavery • Equal opportunity • South and West • Yeoman farmers, working class, plantation owners • National Republicans/Whigs: • American System • Strong federal government • Mixed on slavery • Social conservatives • New England • Upper and middle class professionals • Anti-Masonic Party: • issue party concerned about Freemasons • promoted economic nationalism and social conservatism • Liberty Party: • abolitionist party • Free Soil Party: • Prevent expansion of slavery Andrew Jackson Henry Clay

  7. Election of 1828 • Andrew Jackson (D) • John Q. Adams (NR) • Political campaigns on national levels • Coffin Handbills • Jackson’s wife

  8. “Old Hickory” • Unlike the previous presidents • Duelist, Gambler, Bar Fighter, Pipe-Smoker, Tobacco Chewer • War hero • Exemplified common man success • Practiced the spoils system • Hired loyalists and friends • Took office promising a strong executive • “It was settled by the Constitution, the laws, and the whole practice of the government that the entire executive power is vested in the President of the United States.” • Endorsed states’ rights • Considered himself a Jeffersonian Democrat

  9. Andrew Jackson (D) (1829-1837) • Vetoed more bills by Congress than all predecessors • Maysville Road (1830) • Peggy Eaton Affair • “Kitchen Cabinet” • Private group of trusted advisors • Major Issues • Native Removal • Nullification Crisis • Bank of the United States

  10. Jackson and Native Removal • Indian Removal Act (1830) • Negotiate with Native tribes for removal west to lands west of the Mississippi • Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) • Determined Native tribes not to be “foreign states” but as “domestic dependent nations” • Worcester v. Georgia (1832) • Determined sovereignty of Native tribes therefore not subject to state laws • Apocryphal: “John Marshall had made his decision. Now let him enforce it!” - Andrew Jackson • Trail of Tears • Many died from exposure, disease, starvation • 60,000 removed; 15,000 died

  11. Jackson and the Nullification Crisis • Tariff of Abominations (1828) • South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) • Inspired by Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • State could nullify federal law or possibly secede if necessary • Webster-Haynes Debates (1830) • Senator Robert Hayne (SC) promotes nullification and states’ rights • Daniel Webster argues supremacy of U.S. Constitution, nullification/secession is treason; • “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!” • Jefferson Day Dinner (1830) • Andrew Jackson: “Our federal Union: It must be preserved.” • John C. Calhoun: “The Union: Next to our Liberty, the most dear.” • Tariff of 1832 • South Carolina’s Ordinance of Nullification (1832) • Force Bill (1833) • Tariff of 1833

  12. Jackson and the Bank War • Nicholas Biddle • Bank supported by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster • Andrew Jackson • “You are a den of vipers and thieves. I have determined to rout you out, and by the Eternal, I will rout you out!” • “The bank, Mr. Van Buren, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.” • Death of the National Bank • Jackson vetoed the charter • Transferred funds to state banks aka “pet banks”

  13. Election of 1836 • Martin van Buren (D) • Jackson’s VP • Whig Candidates • William Henry Harrison (OH) • Hugh White (TN) • Daniel Webster (MA) • Willie Mangum (NC)

  14. Panic of 1837 • National debt paid off in 1835 • Specie Circular (1836) • Purchase of federal lands by gold and silver • Panic of 1837 • Land speculation and crop failures • Hard currency led to devalue of paper money and inflation • Denial of Bank charter • States overextended in infrastructure projects • Banks closed; unemployment increased; depression for next five years

More Related