1 / 48

THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE. Modern Periodic Table. Mendeleev. 1834 - 1907 1869 – Dmitri Mendeleev published the first periodic table. Mendeleev. Born in Siberia, the last of 14-17 children Father blind, mother ran glass factory

deo
Download Presentation

THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

  2. Modern Periodic Table

  3. Mendeleev • 1834 - 1907 • 1869 – Dmitri Mendeleev published the first periodic table

  4. Mendeleev • Born in Siberia, the last of 14-17 children • Father blind, mother ran glass factory • When he finished high school, his father died and the factory burnt down

  5. Mendeleev • His mother took him to St. Petersburg to study science • Denied admission to the university, he studied at a school for teachers

  6. Mendeleev • In time, he became a professor of chemistry at the U. of St. Petersburg • While writing a chemistry textbook, he developed the periodic table

  7. Mendeleev • Where a gap existed in his table, he predicted a new element would be found and deduced its properties • He was right. Three elements were found during his lifetime • Ga, Sc, Ge

  8. Mendeleev • The discovered elements provided the strongest support for his periodic table • It is a cornerstone in chemistry and in our understanding of how the universe is put together

  9. Mendeleev • Mendeleev’s table arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass

  10. Modern Periodic Table • Square of the periodic table contains an element’s atomic #, chemical symbol, atomic mass

  11. Modern Periodic Table • The elements in each group have the same number of valence electrons

  12. METALS • Most elements are metals • 88 elements in total

  13. Physical Properties of Metals • Luster (shininess) • Good conductors of heat and electricity • High density (heavy for their size) • High melting point • Some metals (Fe, Co and Ni) are magnetic

  14. Physical Properties of Metals • Ductile (most metals can be drawn out into thin wires) • Malleable (most metals can be hammered into thin sheets)

  15. Chemical Properties of Metals • Metals show a wide range of chemical properties • Reactivity – ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts • Group 1 and 17 VERY reactive

  16. Chemical Properties of Metals • Some metals are very reactive, some do not react easily • Alloy – mixture of metals • Examples: bronze, brass, stainless steel

  17. Chemical Properties of Metals • Easily lose electrons (Group 1 and 2) • Corrode easily. Corrosion is a gradual wearing away • Examples of corrosion: silver tarnishing and iron rusting

  18. Families of Metals

  19. Group 1 – Alkali Metals

  20. Group 1 – Alkali Metals • One valence electron • Most reactive of all metals • Soft • Low densities • Low melting point

  21. Group 1 – Alkali Metals • Na, K • Na compounds in found in sea water • Na and K both essential for life

  22. Group 1 – Alkali Metals

  23. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals • Two valence electrons • Group 2 • Very reactive

  24. Group 2 – AlkalineEarth Metals • Magnesium and calcium are common alkaline earth metals • Calcium compounds make up much of your bones and teeth

  25. Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals

  26. Transition Metals

  27. Transition Metals • Elements in Groups 3 – 12 • Bridge between very reactive metals on left side and less reactive metals on the right side

  28. Rare Earth Metals • Two rows on the bottom of the table • Lanthanides and Actinides • Lanthanides are soft, shiny metals with high conductivity • Actinides are all radioactive.

  29. NONMETALS • Nonmetals are found to the right of the stair step line - 17 elements in total • Make up most of the human body (oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen)

  30. Physical Properties of Nonmetals • The physical properties of nonmetals are opposite to those of metals

  31. Physical Propertiesof Nonmetals • No luster (dull appearance) • Poor conductor of heat and electricity • Brittle (breaks easily) • Not ductile • Many are gases at room temperature

  32. Physical Propertiesof Nonmetals • Not malleable • Low density • Low melting point • Elements in this group have one valence electron • How does this affect their reactivity? • It makes them VERY REACTIVE.

  33. Chemical Properties on Nonmetals • Have many electrons in their highest energy level (shell) • Form negative ions • Gain electrons • Noble gases do not react with other elements (OUTER SHELL IS FULL)

  34. Chemical Propertiesof Nonmetals Diatomic molecule – when nonmetals form molecules of two identical atoms H H

  35. METALLOIDS • Elements that border the zigzag line • Have properties of both metals and nonmetals • 7 in total • Silicon, Boron, Antimony, Arsenic, Tellurium

  36. Physical Propertiesof Metalloids • Solids • Can be shiny or dull • Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals

  37. Chemical Propertiesof Metalloids • Tend to gain and lose electrons • React with metals to form salts • Some act like metals, some act like nonmetals

  38. Carbon Group • Carbon is the only nonmetal in Group 14 • Two common forms – graphite and diamond • Each element has four valence electrons

  39. Group 15 – Nitrogen Group • N and P are nonmetals • N makes up 80% of air • N is essential to life

  40. Group 17 -- Halogens • Halogens combine with metals to form salts • Have 7 valence electrons • MOST REACTIVE of NON-metals

  41. Group 18 – The Noble Gases • Colorless gases • Do not bond or combine with other elements • Outer electron shell is full

  42. Group 18 – The Noble Gases • He is the second lightest gas

  43. Hydrogen • H does not fit in with any group (yet can be in either GROUP 1 or GROUP 17) • Reacts easily with other elements

  44. QUIZ YOURSELF! • What are the rows across the periodic table called? • Answer: PERIODS

  45. QUIZ YOURSELF! • What is the term for the vertical columns in the Periodic Table? • Answer: Groups or Families

  46. QUIZ YOURSELF! • How are the elements arranged in the periodic table? • In order of increasing atomic number

  47. QUIZ YOURSELF! • What is the most reactive group of metals? ALKALI METALS -- GROUP 1

More Related