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ABDOMINAL CONTENT

Cavity is lined by a thin serous membrane called the Peritoneum Parietal layer – lines abdominal wall Visceral layer – covers organs Encloses; liver, gal bladder, ovaries, spleen, stomach, most of intestines..etc. ABDOMINAL CONTENT.

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ABDOMINAL CONTENT

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  1. Cavity is lined by a thin serous membrane called the Peritoneum • Parietal layer – lines abdominal wall • Visceral layer – covers organs • Encloses; liver, gal bladder, ovaries, spleen, stomach, most of intestines..etc.. ABDOMINAL CONTENT PERITONITIS – inflammation of the peritoneal cavity caused by infections

  2. ABDOMINAL CONTENT

  3. PLANES, QUADRIENTS AND REGIONS… ABDOMINAL CONTENT 4 QUADRIENT METHOD 1 - RUQ 2 – RLQ 3 – LUQ 4 – LLQ

  4. ABDOMINAL CONTENT PLANES, QUADRIENTS AND REGIONS… 4 QUADRIENT METHOD 1 – RUQ - Liver, gal bladder, 2 – RLQ - Liver 3 – LUQ – spleen, pancreas 4 – LLQ – spleen, ovaries

  5. Nine Region Method • Divided by (2) horizontal (transverse) lines • Divided by (2) vertical lines • (2)vertical planes are parallel to the MSP • Run vertically up both ASIS’s • (1)transverse plane runs horizon. through L-1 • (1)transverse plane runs horiz. through L-5 • divides the abdominopelvic cavity into (9) regions ABDOMINAL CONTENT

  6. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 9 REGIONS SEE HANDOUT

  7. ABDOMINAL CONTENT Body Habitus Hypersthenic - massive proportions (5%) Sthenic – normal proportions (50%) Hyposthenic – combination of hypersthenic and sthenic (35%) Asthenic – long thin body cavity and structures (10%)

  8. ABDOMINAL CONTENT VARIOUS BODY TYPES…

  9. ABDOMINAL CONTENT • PLANES • Transpyloric plane – through L-1 • Subcostal plane – lowest point of costal margin, L-3 • Intertubercular plane – level of tubercles of iliac crest @ SP. of L-5 • Lateral planes – vertical planes on either side of MSP which bisect inguinal ligaments • Interspinous plane – through rt. and lt. ASIS, @ level of 2nd sacral seg, • Supracristal plane – highest point of iliac crest, L-4

  10. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 1. STOMACH • Organ of digestion • breaks down food • located just under diaphragm • divided into body and pylorus • lies in epigastric and lt. hypogastric region (LUQ) • size and shape vary from patient to patient • little to no liquid absorption, except…..

  11. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 1. STOMACH

  12. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 1. STOMACH MARKINGS • Cardiac orifice level of 7th CC 1” lt. of MSP • Pylorus – transverse plane of L-1 • Fundas – 5th intercostal space • Duodenum – above umbilicus

  13. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 2. PANCREAS • stretches obliquely against posterior abdomen wall • more to lt. than rt. of MSP • level of L-1 – L-2 • head of pancreas lies within loop of duodenum • epigastric and hypochondriac regions • 13 cm long (adults) • exocrine and endocrine gland • accommodates CBD

  14. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 2. PANCREAS

  15. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 3. LIVER • RUQ • largest endocrine gland • triangular shaped, mostly on rt., some crosses over to the lt. • mostly in rt. Hypochondrium and epigastric regions • produces approx. 1 pt. of bile per day • holds approx. 1. pt. of blood • divided into (4) lobes • very complex organ

  16. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 3. LIVER

  17. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 4. Spleen • LUQ • posterior and along long axis of 10th rib • highly vascular organ, between the stomach and diaphragm • lt. hypochondriac region • part of the lymphatic sys. • defense • 12 cm long, 7 cm wide and 3 cm thick • function has baffled physiologists for over 100 years • dark purple in color

  18. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 4. Spleen

  19. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 5. Gallbladder - RUQ - fundas at level of transpyloric plane - pear shaped gland, stores bile - receives bile from the liver - adult holds 32 mL of bile - during digestion of fats the GB contracts - gallstones

  20. ABDOMINAL CONTENT 5. Gallbladder

  21. ABDOMINAL CAT SCAN

  22. ABDOMINAL CONTENT CT ABDOMINAL AXIAL 1

  23. ABDOMINAL CONTENT CT ABDOMINAL AXIAL 1

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