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3.3. NUTRITION AND ENERGY SYSTEMS

3.3. NUTRITION AND ENERGY SYSTEMS. IB SEHS. Starter. What distinguishes animal cells versus plant cells ? Where does respiration occur ?. Learning Objectives. Everyone will be able to Identify the different parts of the mitochondrion. 2. Define and understand respiration

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3.3. NUTRITION AND ENERGY SYSTEMS

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  1. 3.3. NUTRITION AND ENERGY SYSTEMS IB SEHS

  2. Starter • Whatdistinguishes animal cells versus plantcells? • Wheredoesrespirationoccur?

  3. Learning Objectives Everyone will be able to • Identify the different parts of the mitochondrion. 2. Define and understand respiration 3. Explain the loss and gain of phosphate in an adenosine molecule

  4. The Animal Cell

  5. Mitochondrion Ultrastructure • Energyprovision • Onlysitewhereoxygenisused • Location: Allcells, butred cells • Ultrastructureshownright

  6. The Energy currency, ATP • ATPistheenergycurrency • AdenosineTriPhosphateis a moleculecreatedfrombiochemicalenergyin organicmoleculesbycatabolicreactions.

  7. Cell Respiration • Cellrespirationisthecontrolledrelease of energy in theform of ATPfromorganiccompounds in cells

  8. Energy metabolism: ATP • ATPconnectsanabolic and catabolicreactions. • Ingestedfoodstored as fatsorglycogen Catabolism ATP Energy

  9. ATP role in muscle contraction • Actin and myosin use ATP to drive contraction • MusclefibershavesufficientATP foronly 2 seconds of contraction. Therest comes fromcatabolicreactionsthatgenerate ATP • ATP + H2O ADP + P + Energy Contraction

  10. Anaerobic Energy Systems Creatine Phosphate System • CreatinePhosphateSystem CP isanotherhighenergymolecule BUT cannot be useddirectly. It´s a checkweneed to first cash intoATP. • Duringexercise, afterspendingour 2 secworth of ATP, CP helps re-synthesizing ATP, givingenergyfor up to first 20 secto muscles

  11. Creatine Phosphate System goes both ways • The ATP-CP system can gobothways. • Duringexercise, first 20 sec, ATP is re-synthesized • At rest, ATP can be used to refillour store of PCr in themuscle REST<------>EXERCISE

  12. Anaerobic Energy Systems Lactic Acid System • AnaerobicGlycolysisLOCATION: CYTOPLASMof allcells Glucose ATP + pyruvate • Limitedsupply of oxygenormithocondrialeads to Pyruvate Lactate + 2 ATP • LacticAcidSystemisquickand ideal of hardexercise

  13. Anaerobic Energy Systems Lactic Acid System • IstheLacticAcidSysteman ideal systemforanelongatedperiod of hardexercise? • Interpret and commentonthefollowinggraph

  14. Aerobic Energy Systems • Location:MITOCHONDRIA • Electrontransportchain in theinnermembrane • Krebs Cyclein thematrix • β-oxydationin thematrix

  15. Aerobic Energy Systems • GlucoseOxydation • Pyruvate acetil CoAKrebsCycle in thematrix • H+ ionsreleased  ELECTRON TRASPORT CHAIN ENERGY AS ATP

  16. Aerobic Energy Systems • FatOxydation • Free fattyacidsenterthematrix β-oxydationAcetil CoA Krebs Cycle  H+  Electrontransportchain  Energy as ATP • FatCANNOT BE USED ANAEROBICALLY, unlikeglycogen

  17. STARTER • Discuss in pairswhatisthedetermiant factor forcells to use oneenergysystemoranother. Explain in detail.

  18. WhatEnergySystemisthisone? Whatisthelimitant factor?

  19. THE BIG QUESTION • Howdoestheelenctrontranportchainhelpthecellsynthesizing ATP? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ak17BWJ3bLg

  20. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY • YOU HAVE RECEIVED A MUSCLE CELL (LONG WHITE PAPER) • DRAW A DIAGRAM, INCLUDING CELL MEMBRANE, CYTOSOL AND MITHOCONDRION WITH DETAIL, IN WHICH THE THREE METABOLIC PATHS ARE SHOWN: ANAEROBIC LACTIC ACID, GLUCOSE AND FATTY ACID OXYDATION. INCLUDE MAIN REACTIONS ONLY • BE READY TO EXPLAIN YOUR CELL.

  21. Oxygen Deficit and Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) • Start of exerciseOxygenneed > oxygensupply: O2 DEFICIT  ATP, PCr and anaerobicglycolysisactivatequicker! • Afterexercise  Oxygensupplygreaterthanneeded: EPOC orO2DEBT  offset consequences of anaerobicmetabolism, repair of tissue, myoglobinoxydation, etc.

  22. Oxygen Deficit and Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) • Analyze and commentonthefollowinggraph:

  23. Contribution of the Energy Systems during exercise • High intensityexercise highrate of ATP needed Fastmetabolism PCr (20 sec) and LacticAcidSystem • Longer & Slowerexercise Aerobic metabolism: Glucose and Fatoxydation (slowestone) • Glucose (anaerobic and aerobic) metabolismiskeyacrossallintensities of exercise.

  24. Contribution of the Energy Systems during exercise

  25. Differenttypes of exercise and energysystemscontribution

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