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Unit Eight Knowledge and Wisdom — Bertrand Russell

Unit Eight Knowledge and Wisdom — Bertrand Russell. Contents.

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Unit Eight Knowledge and Wisdom — Bertrand Russell

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  1. Unit EightKnowledge and Wisdom — Bertrand Russell

  2. Contents • A. Text oneI. Pre-reading: warm-up questions (II). Background informationII. While-reading: Text Analysis (I) Structure analysis(II) Comprehension questions (III) Language points(IV) Difficult sentencesIII. Post-Reading:(I) Grammatical items(II) Translation Exercises(III) Oral activities(IV) Writing practice B. Text two（I）Questions for text comprehension（II）Language points

  3. I. Pre-reading: warm-up questions 1. What’s the difference between “being clever and being wise”?

  4. 2. What kind of people are considered wise? Cite some examples? 3. How can you become wise? Do you think what you are doing in college contributes to wisdom?

  5. II. While-reading: Text Analysis(I) Structure analysis • Part Ⅰ(1) Introduction • Part Ⅱ (2—5) Main body of the essay, telling us what constitutes wisdom.

  6. Paragraph 2: Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight.

  7. Paragraph 3: There must be, also, a certain awareness of the ends of human life. • Paragraph 4: It is needed in the choice of ends to be pursued and in emancipation from personal prejudice.

  8. Paragraph 5: I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now.

  9. Test Analysis • What view is commonly accepted in terms of knowledge and wisdom?

  10. Has the writer stated the purpose of the writing?

  11. Surpass (exceed) • Vt. To go beyond in quality, amount or degree. • The result surpasses all our expectations. • 结果超出了我们的一切预料。

  12. Surpassing • Adj. to a degree above anything else • her surpassing beauty 她那非凡的美丽 • sur- over , above, beyond

  13. Correlative • Two or more things naturally related.相关的 • Correlate • (with) have a closed or shared relationship or connection of cause and effect

  14. They are trying to find out if these behavior patterns correlate with particular changes in diet.

  15. Correlation • A high correlation between unemployment and crime • 失业与犯罪的密切相关

  16. Cease • To stop (formal) • It rained all day without ceasing. • 雨下了一天，一直没停。

  17. This regulation will cease to have effect from the end of this month. • 从本月底起，此规章将停止生效。 • The company has ceased trading in this part of the world. • 公司已终止在世界这个地区的贸易活动。

  18. Ceaseless: unending, continuous不停的，持续的 • ceaseless activity持续进行的活动

  19. Paraphrase • But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.

  20. Promote • 1）To give sb. A higher position or rank • My daughter has just been promoted. • The young army officer was promoted to (the rank of) captain. • 这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。

  21. After this win, Manchester United were promoted to the First Division. • 这次踢赢之后，曼彻斯特联队升入了甲级。

  22. 2）to help in the growth or development • Milk promotes health. • 牛奶可增进健康。 • New efforts to promote the world peace.促进世界和平的新努力。

  23. Promotion • an advancement in rank or position • Congratulations on your promotion! • 祝贺你提升 • There are good chances of promotion in this firm. • 在这家公司提升的机会很多。

  24. 2)an activity intended to help the development or success of something, esp. a product for sale. • This year’s sales promotions haven’t been very successful. • 今年的促销活动不是很成功。

  25. Paragraph 2—5 • Identify the topic sentences of P. 2-5 and the four factors that constitute wisdom.

  26. A sense of proportion • An awareness of the ends of human life • Emancipation from personal prejudice • Impartiality

  27. What does “sense of proportion” mean?

  28. Contribute to : • to help to cause or bring about • Poor food contributed to his illness. • Her singing will contribute greatly to the success of the party.

  29. Proportion • disproportion • [U] the correct relationship between the size, position, and shape of the different parts of a whole.相称，协调 • This drawing isn’t in proportion; the man is larger than the house.

  30. [U,C] the compared relationship between two things in regard to size, amount, importance, etc.（两件）事物的比列，比/ • The proportion of men to women in the population has changed in recent years. • 人口中，男性同女性的比例最近几年有了变化。

  31. The tax increases in proportion to the amount you earn. • 所得税随你的收入额按比例增加。 • Mix the paint in proportion of one part of paint to two parts of water. • 按颜料一份，水两份的比例调和颜料。

  32. 3）（of）a part or share compared with the whole.部分，份额 • “What proportion of your wages do you spend on rent?” • “ about a quarter.” • An increasing proportion of the children come to school by train.

  33. Take account of= take something into account • His exam results were not very good, but we must take into account his long illness. • 他的考试成绩不好，但是我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。

  34. The teachers promised to take account of the wishes of the parents before making any changes. • 教师们答应在做出变更之前要考虑家长的愿望。

  35. Their estimate of the cost takes no account of inflation. • 他们对费用的估算没有把通货膨胀考虑在内。 • Your objections will be taken into account.

  36. Attach to • 1）To cause to belong to for a limited period 使参加，使属于 • During the war I was attached to the naval college as a gunnery instructor.

  37. 战争期间我被分配到海军军事学院当泡术教官。战争期间我被分配到海军军事学院当泡术教官。 • I got lost, so I attached myself to another party of tourists. • 我由于迷了路，所以只好加入另一个旅行团。

  38. 2）to regard a having（special meaning or importance）重视， 认为…重要性 • She attached great importance to regular exercise. • It would be unwise to attach too much significance to these opinion polls. • 把这些民意检测看的尤为重要是不明智的

  39. Due • Proper, adequate • They will surely meet with due punishment. • Due care must be taken while one is driving.

  40. Paraphrase: • This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the specialized knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. (P.2)

  41. Populous having a large population 人口稠密的 • London is the most populous area of Britain. • 伦敦是英国人口最稠密的地区。

  42. —ous: characterized by: of the nature, characterized by • Mountainous poisonous

  43. Spectacular：attracting, grand 壮观的，雄伟的 • A spectacular firework display • The new play was a spectacular success. • A spectacular waterfall 蔚为奇观的瀑布

  44. —ar of the kind specified • molecular • scholar

  45. Lunatic • An extremely foolish person (derog) • You lunatic-you nearly drove straight into me. • Lunatic behavior

  46. Pursue: try to achieve • She is ruthless in pursuing her objectives. • It was wrong not to have pursued peace.

  47. pursuit of • He devoted every spare moment to the pursuit of his passion. • The police car raced through the streets in pursuit of another car.

  48. Why, according to the writer, is comprehensiveness an important factor that constitutes wisdom?

  49. Comprehension: • What does “the ends of human life” refer to?

  50. Constitute • To form or make up (fml)不用于进行时 • The 50 states that constitute the USA 组成美国的50个州 • Your attitude constitutes a direct challenge to my authority. • 你的态度成了对我权威的直接挑战。

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