The Psychoanalytical Approach

1. The PsychoanalyticalApproach

2. Warm-up • Are Freudian slips real? Which side do you find to be more convincing? Why?

3. Sigmund Freud • The psychoanalytical approach is based on the idea that all people have inner struggles between their biological drive and the expectations of society • The “inner conflict” approach was founded by Sigmund Freud

4. The Unconscious • Freud believed that the majority of our thoughts, feelings, and urges are hidden from us in our unconscious • Freud explored the unconscious through interviews (the “talking cure”), dream analysis, and hypnosis • According to Freud, by understanding our unconscious we are better able to understand our wants and behaviors

5. The Id • The 1st of the 3 basic psychological structures • The Id represents basic, biological drives • According to Freud, the Id follows the pleasure principle and demands instant gratification • Babies are completely Id driven

6. The Ego • The Ego “stands for reason and good sense” • The Ego works to meet the demands of the Id but in a way that is consistent with social norms • Guided by the reality principle • The Ego acts consciously

7. The Superego • The Superego is the sense of morality that is developed during early childhood from outside influences • The Superego acts as our consciousness and ensures that the Id and the Ego act in a way that is moral

8. Defense Mechanisms • These are methods used by the Ego to avoid recognizing ideas or emotions that may cause anxiety • Repression: pushes anxiety causing ideas from the consciousness to the unconsciousness • When too much is repressed it may result in an outburst • Rationalization: is the use of self-deception to justify unacceptable behaviors • Often prevents a person from facing and taking responsibility for a situation

9. Defense Mechanisms Cont’d • Regression: is the act of returning to behaviors characteristic of earlier stages of development when under a great period of stress • Projection: is the act of pushing one’s anxieties and frustrations outward onto other people • Denial: is refusing to accept a reality

10. Defense Mechanisms Cont’d • Displacement: is the transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening object to a non-threatening object • Reaction Formation: acting contrary to one’s true feelings in order to hide them • Sublimation: is the channeling of basic impulses into socially acceptable behaviors

11. Stages of Personality Development • The Oral Stage: development is based around the mouth, birth-age 1 year old • The Anal Stage: child learns that they can control their body and bodily functions, 1-3 years old • The Phallic Stage: Children begin to learn the physical differences between the sexes, 3-5 years • The Latency Stage: Children begin to hide their impulses and emotions, 5-10 years old • The Genital Stage: Pubescent becomes more aware of their own gender identity, 11 years old

12. Defense Mechanisms Skits • Regression • Displacement • Sublimation • Reaction formation • Rationalization; 6. Repression 7. Projection; 8. Rationalization; 9. Sublimation

13. Warm-up • Choose a moral dilemma that you may face • Write a conversation that may take place in your mind between the Id, the Ego, and the Superego over this moral dilemma

14. Carl Jung • Developed Analytical Psychology, which places a great emphasis on the role of symbols and religion in influencing behavior • Collective Unconscious: is a store of human concepts shared by all people across cultures • Archetypes: are the ideas and images of the accumulated human experience

15. Carl Jung cont’d • Jung believed that our sense of self is what unifies our personalities • There are 4 functions in our mind that determine our sense of self: thinking, feeling, intuition, and sensation • Individualism is the process of integrating these conscious elements with the unconscious archetypes

16. Archetypes • In small groups read the children’s story once through • Read the story again and this time be looking for archetypes in the story, characters that represent experiences that all humans have • Pick out these characters and explain what archetype they represent and how they do so

17. Alfred Adler • Inferiority Complex: people are driven by the need to overcome their own feelings of inadequacy • Believed greatly that self-awareness influenced the personality • A creative self is able to overcome obstacles

18. Karen Horney • Believed that the greatest influence on personality are social relationships, especially the parent-to-child relationship

19. Erik Erikson • Agreed with Freud and Horney that social relationships are most important in developing personality • Unlike Freud, he gave more power to the Ego to be able to make real and meaningful choices • Expanded on the stages of development (we already covered these during identity formation)

20. Freud’s Influence • On a separate sheet of paper, to turn-in to me, you will be creating a web in which you explain Freud’s influence on other psychologists, you should explain what each psychologist believed and how they were influenced by Freud