Why We are Changing the Army

1. Why We are Changing the Army

2. The Strategic Context • We are a nation at war • This is a prolonged period of conflict for the US with great uncertainty about the nature and location of that conflict • We must be able to defuse crises and/or defeat aggression early to prevent escalation, limit damage • Thus, we need flexible, rapidly deployable forces and sufficient depth and strength to sustain multiple, simultaneous operations We have 364,000 SOLDIERS overseas in 120 countries Combatant Commanders need versatile, potent land power

3. Challenges for the Current Force • War is the norm, peace is the exception • Our adversaries seek adaptive advantage through asymmetry • We have near peer competitors in niche areas • Conventional Force on Force conflicts are still possible • There is an enormous pool of potential combatants armed with irreconcilable ideas • Our homeland is part of the battlespace • We are adapting to these challenges NOW 3

4. GENERAL LIEUTENANT GENERAL MAJOR GENERAL Division (3 Maneuver Brigades) COLONEL Brigade Brigade Brigade (3 or more Battalions) (3 or more Battalions) (3 or more Battalions) LIEUTENANT COLONEL Battalion (3-5 Companies) Company (3-5 Platoons) LIEUTENANT Platoon (3-4 Squads) STAFF SERGEANT Squad (2-4 Teams) The Army Today COMMAND LEVEL Third Army Army Eighth Army (2 - 5 Corps) 100,000 - 300,000 Soldiers I Corps Corps Corps III Corps 40,000 - 100,000 Soldiers (2 - 5 Divisions) (2 - 5 Divisions) V Corps XVIII Corps 10 Active Divisions 10,000 - 18,000 Soldiers 2 Integrated Divisions 8 ARNG Divisions Additional Unit Types: 3,000 - 5,000 Aviation Brigade Soldiers Corps Artillery Armored Cavalry Regiment Separate Brigade Military Intelligence Brigade 400 - 1,000 Soldiers Air Defense Artillery Brigade Engineer Brigade Signal Brigade CAPTAIN Chemical Brigade Military Police Brigade 60 - 200 Soldiers Special Forces Group Ranger Regiment Special Operations Aviation Regiment Civil Affairs Brigade Corps Support Command 16 - 50 Soldiers Medical Brigade Personnel Group Finance Group Transportation Group 4 - 12 Soldiers Quartermaster Group Explosive Ordnance Group Psychological Operations Group

5. XX DIVISION = ~15,000 Soldiers & Equipment (typically over 20,000 when deployed) What the Current Force Looks Like • The Army Division = traditional building block • But… • Optimized for major land campaigns against similarly organized forces • Large, fixed organizations with interconnected parts • Requires extensive reorganization to create force packages • Limits Regional Combatant Commander’s ability to mix and match packaged capabilities for multiple missions • Limited Joint capabilities We’re good, but we can be better…

6. Clear Need for Change We need to generate more versatile combat power because… • We have extended worldwide commitments • We will remain at war for the foreseeable future • We must be more responsive to Combatant Commanders’ needs A Campaign Quality Army with Joint and Expeditionary Capabilities

7. How to Change We must create units that are more relevant to Regional Combatant Commanders and generate versatile combat power with units that are… • More self-contained, sustainable, lethal force packages • Organized with capabilities for the full range of missions • Truly joint interdependent – a trained and ready member of the joint force • Comprised of adaptive, competent, and confident Soldiers and leaders A Campaign Quality Army with Joint and Expeditionary Capabilities

8. X Brigade XX Division Cav (Recon) Signal MP/Security Division MP/Security Logistics Signal Chemical Field Artillery Fires Intelligence Engineer Division Troops Chemical Military Police Combined Arms Armed Recon Combined Arms Intelligence Logistics Support MNVR EN Aviation Engineers Mechanized Brigade Armor Brigade Armor Brigade From Division to Brigade - Centric FROM: An Army based around large, powerful, fixed organizations TO: An Army designed around smaller, more self-contained organizations . . . and modular multi-functional Support Brigades Aviation RSTA Fires Sustainment Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition Maneuver Enhancement A More Ready and Relevant Force

9. X X X X FCS Infantry Heavy Stryker Future X X X X X SUST Aviation Reconnaissance, Surveillance, Target Acquisition Fires Sustainment Maneuver Enhancement With Brigades as Building Blocks (Less than 4,000 Soldiers in each Brigade) Standard maneuver brigades with organic combined arms capabilities Supporting brigades with standard headquarters, but variable subordinate units

10. Headquarter(s) & Command Posts Units Available + A Commander + Heavy Infantry RSTA Fires 4 3 Aviation Sustainment Maneuver Enhancement 2 Multi- national SOF 1 Joint/Other Service Assets Multi-national Joint/Other Assets Spec Op Forces Employing the Army in the Joint Force UEy UEx Tailored Land Forces for Regional Combatant Commanders

11. C Y Projecting the Army Worldwide • Units not tied to division base. • Simultaneous deployment from multiple power projection platforms. • Basing supports a campaign quality Army with joint and expeditionary capabilities. • Power projection platforms provide full range of support for responsive deployment, employment and sustainment of forces.

12. We Call This Approach Modularity • Modularity is packaging units into flexible configurations • Modular units are rapidly deployable, responsive, agile, tailorable and discrete packages of land force combat power

13. FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 We are Converting the Army Now 33 Brigades Active Component Reorganize Total: 77-82 Maneuver Brigades 10 - 15 Brigades Active Component Build 34 Brigades Reserve Component Reorganize Common organizational designs for Active and Reserve

14. What Isn’t Changing The Soldier is the Centerpiece of All Our Units • Everything we do is designed to support the Soldier • A heritage of fighting and winning our Nation’s Wars • Traditions reflected in our unit’s lineage and honors 14

15. Conclusion • We are adapting to the current and projected operational environment • We are creating modular brigades and command and control headquarters to better meet Combatant Commanders’ requirements • Modularity is the foundation for building a Campaign Quality Army with Joint and Expeditionary capabilities

16. Why We are Changing the Army Back Up Slides

17. Briefing Coordination • John McDonald • John Gingrich • BG Ralston • LTG(R) Jordan • EOH Stratcoms (Patti Benner & staff) • OCLL (staff) • SecArmy speechwriter • OFT (staff) • G-3 Army Transformation Office (staff) • TRADOC CPG and Stratcoms • TF Modularity • Congressional Staff • SASC Maren Leed • SAC-D Betsy Schmidt • SAC-D Nicole Diresta

18. Impact New organizations and warfighting concepts + Stabilized combat and support forces + Rebalanced Active and Reserve force mix + Adaptive, competent, and confident Soldiers and leaders = Immediately ready forces for uncertainty of the early 21st century

19. Transforming Over Time WARFIGHTING ARMY IN THE “WAR TO END ALL WARS” FRONTIER ARMY WARFIGHTING ARMY WW II & Korea COLD WAR ARMY HEMISPHERIC DEFENSE (ISOLATIONISM) CONSTABULARY MISSION ARMY OF EXPANSION ?

20. Modularity: creating brigade sized building blocks of combat power • Stabilization: creating more cohesive and capable units and providing predictability to Soldiers by extending the length of assignments • Rebalancing: adjusting the types and mix of AC and RC units Restructuring Today’s Army To produce more combat power for Combatant Commanders

21. xx xx DIV DIV No joint assets x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Aviation Support Engineer Artillery x x Maneuver Brigade Brigade Brigade Brigade Brigade ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll MI SPT ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Air ll ll Defense Infantry Armor Artillery Sustainment Aviation Engineers Intelligence The Task Organization Challenge • To Create Brigade Combat Team • Break apart division leaving incomplete residual behind • Activate Reserves to support deploying brigade task forces • Reorganize less flexible structure • Current Division • Powerful organization • Great utility in major campaigns but Brigade Combat Team X X Infantry Armor Artillery Engineers Intelligence Sustainment

22. Army Fighting Forces Soldiers Current Organization Missions Joint – Campaign Level • Integrates the military instrument with other instruments of national power • Integrates all elements of the joint force. 100K+ Army 70K+ Corps 15 -17K Division • Operational – Major Land Operations • Plan and execute major land operations. • Orchestrates Joint, Interagency & MN operations. • Execute Administrative Control and Army Support to Other Services. 1.5K Brigade/Regiment/Group 600 Battalion/Squadron 100-150 Company/Battery/Troop • Tactical – Battles • Puts together complementary and reinforcing capabilities with engagements to achieve military conditions within a specified Area of Operations (AO). 30-50 Platoon 10-12 Squad/Section 4-6 Fire Team/Crew • Tactical – Engagements • Close Combat. • Generates specific effects / outcomes within the AO. 1 Soldier

23. Versatile and Complementary Capabilities Light Bdes (Airborne; Air Assault; Light; Light Cavalry) Heavy Bdes (Armor, Mechanized, Armored Cavalry) Past • Mission Category 2 • Offensive, Defensive, and Security Missions in or near urban terrain against either regular or irregular forces • When in Forced Entry or Early Entry context, premium is on C-130 transportability and wheeled mobility • Premium is on infantry strength and mechanical transport • Mobile protected firepower is an asset • Mission Category 1 • Offensive, Defensive, and Security Missions in open or mixed terrain • Against either regular or irregular forces • Premium on mobile protected firepower balanced with dismounted infantry • Mission Category 3 • Offensive and Defensive Missions in close terrain (mountains, jungle, forests) against either regular or irregular forces • Premium is on infiltration by foot and air assault mobility Heavy Brigade Unit of Action Stryker Brigade Modular Infantry Brigade Unit of Action

24. Modularityand The Army’s Need to Change • Modularity: Provides capabilities-based units at the Brigade level to • Regional Combatant Commanders with responsive, fully mission- • Capable combat and support organizations that operate in a Joint, Combined or Multi-National environment. • Why Change: • Provides greater capacity for rapid and tailorable force capability • packages • Improves strategic responsiveness for full spectrum operations • Offers: • Embedded Joint capabilities and connectivity • Organic staff precluding augmentation • Interdependent Joint communications, ISR, and fires • Deployable, separable Command Posts • Organizations capable of C2 and/or support of Joint and • multi-national forces

25. Joint Interdependence • The Army, as well as each service, are indispensable, and vital components of the Joint Team • The Army will always conduct operations—offensive, defensive, stability, and support—in a joint and expeditionary context • Prompt, sustained, and decisive land combat power acts in concert with air and naval power to ensure a synergy that gives the Joint Force capabilities and power well beyond the sum of its parts • In a few short years, the Joint Force has moved from independent, de-conflicted operations to sustained interoperability • The Joint Force must now move rapidly to joint interdependence