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Life Science

Life Science. Four major chemical/organic compounds in all living things. 1.carbohydrates 2.lipids 3.proteins 4.nucleic acids. Cell Biology (molecular biology). What are the basic building blocks of life? Functions: 1. DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid – genetic instructions, usually double

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Life Science

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  1. Life Science

  2. Four major chemical/organic compounds in all living things • 1.carbohydrates • 2.lipids • 3.proteins • 4.nucleic acids

  3. Cell Biology (molecular biology) • What are the basic building blocks of life? • Functions: • 1. DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid – genetic instructions, usually double • 2. RNA: ribonucleic acid – genetic instructions, single stranded

  4. Protein Synthesis • Transcription: Occurs in nucleus writes DNA to RNA • Translation: • Occurs outside the nucleus and transcribes the mRNA to tRNA & codons (proteins)

  5. Cell Anatomy Animal Cell Plant Cell

  6. Animal Cell Plant Cell Components & Functions • Components & Functions

  7. Temperature Conversions • [°C] = ([°F] - 32) × 5/9 • [°F] = [°C] × 9/5 + 32 • Kelvin = [°C] + 273

  8. Mitosis: cell splitting in eu/kary/otic

  9. Meiosis: Cell division for sexual reproduction

  10. Mitosis vs. Meiosis • Mitosis/Meiosis • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__comparison_of_meiosis_and_mitosis__quiz_1_.html

  11. Life Span of cells • Bacteria • Red blood cells • Stem cells • Bacteria spore

  12. Level of Hierarchy in organisms • Cell • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • organism

  13. Anatomy: Main body systems

  14. Anatomy: Body Systems

  15. 1. Muscular System • Function: MOVEMENT! • Voluntary: arms move • Involuntary: stomach, heart • Skeletal: help body to move • Smooth: help organs move • Cardiac: heart

  16. Skeletal System • Function: Support, movement, protects organs • Bones: • Ligaments • Tendons

  17. Nervous System • Sends messages throughout body • CNS: Brain and spinal cord • PNS: nerves that go off the CNS

  18. 5 senses • Sight • Hearing • Touch • Taste • Smell

  19. Endocrine System • Sends messages throughout the body • Organs: kidney, pancreas, brain • Glands: release hormones (Thyroid gland, pituitary gland) • Hormones: chemicals that send messages, triggers changes (growth, metabolism) (HGH)

  20. Circulatory System • Body’s transport system: blood, hormones, O2 • Heart: pumps blood • Veins, arteries, capillaries • lungs

  21. Lymphatic System • Defense system • Lymph nodes • White blood cells

  22. Respiratory System • Exchanges O2 and CO2 • nose • Trachea • Bronchial tubes • Lungs • Alveoli sacs

  23. Digestive System • Breaks down food for energy • Mouth and saliva (chewing) • Esophagus • Stomach (breaks down food with acids) • Intestines (absorption) • Anus (waste)

  24. Urinary System • Eliminate toxins and wastes • Kidneys (filter) • Ureters (transport) • Urinary bladder • Urethra (gets rid of waste)

  25. Reproductive System • Allows humans to reproduce • Male: Sperm, testes • Female: egg (ovum), uterus • Lots of hormones involved with this system (testosterone, estrogen…)

  26. Integumentary System • Protection • Skin – largest organ

  27. Teeth • Chewing, speaking, health – 32 teeth total • 2 sets of teeth: • 1. • 2. • Types of Teeth • Incisors: 8 • Canines/cuspids: 4 • Premolars: 8 • Molars: 8 • Third Molars: 4*

  28. Vitamins & Nutrients • ______________: when the body cannot synthesize enough of the nutrient that it requires it from its diet • ______________: come from the earth • Classified for what they do • Vitamin A/carotenoids: vision, bone growth, repro, cell division, immune system (liver, beef, milk, carrots, spinach) • Vitamin B2/riboflavin: body growth, repro, RBC • Vitamin B6: metabolism, catalyst & rxns, energy (beef, liver, starches, fruit (not citrus) • Vitamin B12:required for RBC formation, neuron formation and DNA synthesis(fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk) • Folic Acid (B9 vitamin): growth • Vitamin C: antioxidant, antiviral agent (citrus, broccoli, chestnuts • Vitamin D: calcium absorption, bone growth/strength (comes from the sun and some foods – fish and some dairy) • Vitamin E: antioxidant, fat decomposition, immune (nuts, seeds, oils, leafy greens) • Vitamin K: Blood clotting, regulates blood calcium levels (avocado, berries, greens, nuts) • http://www.healthalternatives2000.com/vitamins-nutrition-chart.html • http://www.healthalternatives2000.com/vitamins-nutrition-chart.html

  29. AntiBiotics • Anti/bios: against/life • Drugs to treat infections caused by ______________ • TB • Penicillin • Kills bacteria and stops them from multiplying • Not effective with ______________.

  30. Ecosystem • Biotic and abiotic (living and non living) that make up a biological environment

  31. Food Chain • Food Chain

  32. Food Chain

  33. Sym/biotic Relationships • Mutualism: both members mutually benefit • Commensalism: one benefits while the other is unaffected • Parasitism: one benefits at the expense of the other (host) • symbiotic examples

  34. Symbiotic Relationships

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