How to Evaluate IP Address Assignment for Cable Modem, xDSL and Home LAN

1. How to Evaluate IP Address Assignment for Cable Modem, xDSL and Home LAN October 26, 2000 Lee, Seung-Min (seungmin@nic.or.kr) Policy Development and Research Division KRNIC(Korea Network Information Center)

2. Content • Introduction • Problems • IP address assignment • Internet address usage and space for allocation • No guideline in registering end-users info into WHOIS DB • Current Practices at KRNIC • Cable network • xDSL • Home LAN • Conclusion

3. Introduction • KRNIC is NIR(National Internet Registry) • Non-Profit Organization, Not an ISP • .KR Domain name registration • Managing Internet resources(IP address, AS number) within Korea • 78 member ISPs

4. Introduction • The Internet explosively expanded. • Internet Users in Korea : 16.4 million(Aug 2000) • By development of new Internet related technology, ISPs can provide HIGH-SPEED and in LOW-PRICED Internet connection services. • So, the target of Internet Services Business has been rapidly changed from dedicated line services to end-user oriented services, as like ISDN, cable network, and xDSL. • Total number of subscribers : 2 million (Aug 2000)

5. Number of Subscribers per each Services(Yearly Growth)

6. The Percentage of Broadband Network’s Subscribers in Korea

7. Problems • Needs IP addresses as many as the number of subscribers • Difficulty of evaluating IP address usage and determining how many additional IP address space would be allocated for the future • No guideline in Registering end-users’ information into WHOIS DB

8. Problem 1 • Needs IP addresses as many as the number of subscribers • The low-priced and high-speed services make many subscribers to stay 24 hrs a day online. • DHCP does not affect • Can be consider as like permanent connection • The necessity of assigning IP addresses in the ratio of 1:1 basis for each subscriber arises

9. Problem 2 • Difficulty of evaluating IP address usage and determining how many additional IP address space would be allocated for the future • Current Practice, IP address allocation procedure is based on estimated figure in prospective subscribers who are considered as future business target • The number of Prospective subscriber is not a actual data. So, there is no concrete data we can determine the additional IP address space the ISP needs for the future • Therefore, clear and transparent procedures and policies are needed for Internet address usage and space for allocation • Installed huge amount of equipment but, there is just small subscriber • How to allocate the IP address? Based on equipment? Or number of Subscribers?

10. Problem 3 • We need clear and effective guidelines how to register assignment information into WHOIS database • Current practice, there is 2 different methods in registering assignment information based on IP address assignment Methods • Dynamic IP address assignment • Consider as ISP’s Infrastructure? • Problem : impossible to have a quick and prompt confrontation for SPAM mail or hacking incidents, etc. • Static IP address assignment • Registering each personal information into WHOIS DB? • Problems : • Frequently change of service providers • Privacy Protection Law

11. Current Practice at KRNIC • Cable Network • xDSL • Home LAN

12. Cable Network Network illustration source by THRUNET

13. Cable Network • IP Address Assignment Guidelines for Cable Network • Consider as totally different Network • Do not need Old-Network Information • Does not affect the rule “An ISP must receive IP address from only one upstream provider” • Static assign is okay. But, clarification needed • Network Topology, Characteristic and model name of equipment, trend of increasing subscribers, statistical analysis for the IP address usage • ISP must maintain the user’s information. Also, when KRNIC requests the end-user’s information the ISP must provide the information immediately

14. Cable Network • The evaluation procedure for Additional IP address allocation • ISP must provide estimate of increasing subscribers for next 3 month. • Allocation through demonstrated utilization • This is based on the number of ISP’s logical clusters and number of subscribers growing in a certain period • ISP must provide how many IP address have been assigned to each logical cluster including the actual IP address’s starting and ending number. • In addition, the ISP must submit the list of current subscribers

15. Cable Network • How to register the end-user’s information • Dynamic Assignment • Registering the “INETNUM Object” for each logical cluster as ISP’s infrastructure • Static Assignment • Registering the each end-user’s information. ISP can choose one of following 2 options • In each assignment, end user’s information must be registered into KRNIC WHOIS database using the form “Requesting IP address for the end-user” or • ISP must provide the entire end-users list to KRNIC using the following forma [Format] Name or Organization, start IP/length, address, telephone #, E-mail

16. xDSLNetwork illustration of ADSL source by HANARO Telecom • Consider as a ISP’s Infra APT ISP’s Logical Cluster (Local Node or POP) Internet Router ATM Switch B-RAS APT

17. xDSL • Pattern of IP address assignment for xDSL • It assigns IP addresses dynamically using DHCP. Ratio of Subscriber to number of IP address is 2:1, but, in many cases, it needs 1:1 basis. • Guidance • Since it is assigned dynamically, register the assignment information as ISP’s infrastructure • Decision in the size of IP address spaces is made through the current condition of the ISP’s number of subscribers up until now, and facilities investment needs to be made. • IP address’s assigning management differentiates through the local node unit. It periodically reports current number of subscribers and assigned IP addresses.

18. xDSL • Methods of registering assignment information • Static Assignment • Static assignment must registers into KRNIC’s WHOIS database • Dynamic Assignment • It registers as Infrastructure for the itemized assignment of each local node unit

19. APT ISP’s Logical Cluster (Local Node or POP) Router Router ATM Switch B-RAS Router APT Home LANNetwork illustration of Home LAN source by HANARO Telecom • Each APT is separate segment. • (= separate network) • Registering each segment as a • customer network Internet

20. Home LAN • Definition • Home LAN service is slightly different from xDSL. It is structured that each subscriber uses LAN and each APT or Building complex setup a its own router so as to form an Independent network. • Registration • Therefore, since we consider each segment as independent network, ISP must registers each assignment information each by each network.(APT. of Building)

21. Home LAN • Problems • Hard to estimate subscribers, but, ISP can estimates the potential maximum number of subscribers. • Initial IP address assignment and reliable source for additional allocation • Initial allocation is /27 • Additional allocation needed as the subscribers increase, ISP must provide following data • List of subscribers • Usage rate of IP addresses : PING or MRTG data

22. Proposal • Trust base • Need concrete procedure for IP address allocation and assignment • Need a precise definition of Infrastructure and customer network • Initial minimum Allocation • Need clear, justifiable, and documented materials for evaluating IP address usage • Decide the way of registering IP address assignment information

23. Initial Minimum Assignment Size • Cable Network • Assign /24 per CMTS when ISP using bundling feature • Recommend using bundling feature • Assign additional /24 when the monitoring shows 80% usage of previous assigned IP address. • Since we cannot obtain exact estimate or prediction, it it recommended that additional /24 is appropriate when subscribers increse • If expecting future subscribers are more than 250, then assigning /23 is suitable

24. Initial Minimum Assignment Size • xDSL • Assign /24 with each B_RAS equipment unit and minimum allocation pattern. • If 80% of previously assigned /24 is occupied, then assign additional /24. • Home LAN • Initially assign /27 to each home LAN segment. • Since Home LAN is more like an independent network with small number of users, it is recommended that /27 is initially being served.

25. Initial Minimum Assignment Size • Summary

26. Node Subscribers Number of Port Total Usage Rate(%) Seoul 800 800 /23+/24 90% Pusan 250 500 /24 70% …. List of documents for clarification • Summary of IP address usage and the number of subscribers

27. Node IP address space Total Sub Total Date of Assignment Seoul 210.100.32.0 – 210.100.32.255 210.100.36.0 – 210.100.36.255 210.100.52.0 – 210.100.52.255 /24 /24 /24  /23+/24 2000.1.1 2000.2.15 2000.4.20 Pusan 210.203.22.0 – 210.203.22.128 /25 /25 2000.3.6 … Total /23+/24+/25 List of documents for clarification • The status of IP address assignment per each node

28. Max Usage: 10.2 kport (93.3%) Average Usage: 2734.0 port (25.0%) Current   Usage: 5581.0 port (50.9%) List of documents for clarification • Actual data which can clarify the IP address usage • The history of subscribers’ growth and list of reserved subscribers • MRTG • PING

29. Registration - Proposal • Each ISP records and maintains the end-users assignment information in database • Static Assignment • Each ISP must register end-users’ information in the ISP’s database • Dynamic Assignment • Each ISP manages usage and users’ information in order to make provision for SPAM and hacking • IR registers and maintains only allocation information in WHOIS database and also provides one of followings. • Provide end-users’ information using mirroring. or • Provides ISP’s contact point who can inform end-user information

30. Korea Internet Information Service V1.0 ( created by KRNIC, 1999.6 ) query: 211.32.0.0 * 한글 기관명에 대한 whois 조회는 웹… 조회하신 해당 IP주소는 아래… # ENGLISH IP Address : 211.32.0.0-211.32.2.255 Connect ISP Name : BORANET Relevant Database : whois.kornet.net Connect Date : 1999.11.09 Registration Date: 20000606 Network Name : BORANETUSERSERIAL [ Organization Information ] Orgnization ID : ORG91351 Name : DACOM State : Seoul … [User Information ] Name : Hong Kil-Dong State : Seoul E-mail : kildong@kornet.net KORNET Information Service query: 211.32.0.0 # ENGLISH IP Address : 211.32.0.0-211.32.0.3 Registration Date: 20000606 Network Name : xDSL-User [User Information ] Name : Hong Kil-Dong State : Seoul E-mail : kildong@kornet.net … Registration – Proposal A IR(RIR/NIR) ISP Maintain only allocation Information Register and maintain End-user information Mirroring whois.kornet.co.kr whois.nic.or.kr ISP and End-User info query query End-User info PUBLIC

31. Registration – Proposal A IR(RIR/NIR) ISP Maintain only allocation Information Register and maintain End-user information Access whois.nic.or.kr request query ISP info End-User info PUBLIC

32. Conclusion • When brand new Internet connection service has been introduced, we, our member ISP and KRNIC(IR), are facing the problems • how to assign IP address for that service • how to evaluate IP address usage previously allocate to relevant ISP when ISP request additional IP address space • How to register assignment information into WHOIS DB • Need • appropriate procedure and guidance for the new service provided by RIR.

33. Thank you ! Any Question? seungmin@nic.or.kr