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The Heart By: Erin Sawyers

The Heart By: Erin Sawyers. Anatomy. Blood Flow. Sinus Rhythm. Normal rhythm of a healthy heart Set by Sinoatrial (SA) Node- natural pacemaker Normal cardiac impulses start there and are transmitted to the atria and down to the ventricles Normal adult: 60-80 beats/min.

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The Heart By: Erin Sawyers

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  1. The HeartBy: Erin Sawyers

  2. Anatomy

  3. Blood Flow

  4. Sinus Rhythm • Normal rhythm of a healthy heart • Set by Sinoatrial (SA) Node- natural pacemaker • Normal cardiac impulses start there and are transmitted to the atria and down to the ventricles • Normal adult: 60-80 beats/min.

  5. Cardiovascular Disease • Arrhythmia • Heart Attack • Stroke • Aortic Stenosis • Coronary Artery Disease • Hypertension • Rheumatic Fever/Heart Disease • Congestive Heart Failure

  6. Arrhythmias BRADYCARDIA: • Heart rate lower than normal • Less than 60 beats/min. • Caused by aging, some medications, or diseases that cause damage to hearts electrical system

  7. Bradycardia: Symptoms • Asymptomatic or: • Dizzy • Drop in blood pressure • Lightheaded • Tired • Chest Pain • Shortness of breath

  8. Bradycardia: Treatment • Treatment depends on cause • If no symptoms present, then no treatment is given • Pacemaker may be used for treatment • If for some reason severe bradycardia is not treated, it can lead to other serious problems, including fainting and injuries from fainting, seizures, and death.

  9. Tachycardia • Heart rate higher than normal • 100-180 beats/min as occurs during exercise or other conditions that lead to increased SA nodal firing rate • Caused by heart disease, an overactive thyroid gland, fever, or by drinking alcohol or caffeinated beverages

  10. Tachycardia: Symptoms • Breathlessness • Upset stomach • Chest pain • Weakness • Fainting spells

  11. Tachycardia: Treatment • SELF HELP: • Splash face with cold water • Take a slow drink of water • Holding your breath • ADVANCED TREATMENT (PHYSICAIN): • Medication • Apply pressure to arteries

  12. PVC’s • Premature Ventricular Contraction • The ventricles fire an early impulse which causes the heart to beat earlier causing irregularity in the heart rhythm. • Commonly caused by excessive caffeine intake, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and some medications

  13. PVC’s • Usually harmless except with pre-existing disease • Common in teens in young adults • Early or extra heartbeats • Feeling that the heart “Skips a beat”

  14. PVC’s: Symptoms • Can be asymptomatic • Palpitations in chest and neck • Weakness • Dizziness • Syncope (Fainting) • Feeling that the heart briefly stopped

  15. PVC’s: Treatment • If asymptomatic no treatment is necessary • If they are frequent or symptomatic medication may be recommended

  16. Heart Murmur • Lubb dubb dubb • Swishing or whistling sound • Caused by defective heart valves • Can be caused by heart attack, hypertension, fever, or anemia • Some can be harmless

  17. Heart Attack • Myocardial Infarction • Occurs when the blood flow to part of the heart is blocked. • If blood flow is completely cut off, part of the heart muscle begins to die.

  18. Heart Attack • Sudden and Intense Warning Signs: • Chest discomfort • Shortness of breath • Nausea • Lightheadedness

  19. Stroke • Caused by the clogging of the blood vessel that supplies oxygen to the brain. • Can also be caused by the rupture of the vessel • Effects are sudden and immediate

  20. Stroke Warning Signs: • Numbness • Confusion • Trouble seeing • Trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance • Sudden severe headache

  21. Aortic Stenosis • Caused by normal “wear and tear” • Symptoms include: Shortness of breath, chest pain, blackout spells, lightheaded • Diagnosed by Echocardiograms • Question is not whether to do surgery, but when

  22. Coronary Artery Disease • America’s number 1 killer • arteries that supply blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed due to plaque buildup • blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced causing the muscle to not receive the amount of oxygen needed • Can contribute to heart failure and arrhythmias

  23. Hypertension • High blood pressure • The danger is that you usually can’t tell if you have high blood pressure • No signs and no one knows what causes it • Can lead to hardened arteries, heart failure, stroke, or heart attacks

  24. Rheumatic Fever/ Heart Disease • Serious inflammatory condition • Symptoms generally appear within five weeks after untreated strep throat • Interferes with normal blood flow to heart • Symptoms include: weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain. • No cure • Now has become relatively uncommon

  25. Congestive Heart Failure • Heart can’t pump enough blood • Signs: Fatigue, shortness of breath, irregular heart beat, coughing or wheezing , and fluid retention • Develops after other cardiac conditions have damaged or weakened your heart.

  26. Women vs. CVD • Claims more women’s lives than the next five causes of death combined!! • About 500,000 women’s lives a year • Risk increases with age. Over 45 million women were 50 and older. • Lives CVD claimed: 483,842 Cancer: 267,902 • Still, some believe that CVD is not a real problem for women.

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