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From Prophet to Empire

From Prophet to Empire. U May Yad , It’s the First Islamic Empire!. Military Force. “desert power” --- sea tactics Became iron clad like the Persians/Byzantines 800s: added naphtha-firemen (flame throwers) Did believe in martyrdom (driving force)

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From Prophet to Empire

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  1. From Prophet to Empire U May Yad, It’s the First Islamic Empire!

  2. Military Force • “desert power” --- sea tactics • Became iron clad like the Persians/Byzantines • 800s: added naphtha-firemen (flame throwers) • Did believe in martyrdom (driving force) • Ex. Battle of Yarmuk: 40,000 Arabs vs 140,000 Byzies

  3. Islam on the Rise • Muslims exempt from taxation: conversion was discouraged. • Muslims could take non-Muslim wives • Islam spread because it gave people an elevated status

  4. Outside Influences • Dome of the Rock founded by Abd al Malik in 691 (pattern is based on the Church of the Ascension) • The legal code was sharia law but was heavily influenced by Byzantine practice.

  5. Post Prophet Problems • Abu Bakrdies of natural causes BUT • Caliph #2 (Omar) was assassinated at dawn • #3 (Othman) was torn apart by a mob • Finally Ali (son in law) gets his chance (658) • MuawiyaUmayyadisagrees ----fighting begins • Appeals for a truce • Decision went before the elders • Sunnis won the decision

  6. Ali is Down, Umayya is Up • January 22, 661: Ali is murdered by a sunni fanatic • Muawiyabecomes caliph • 14 Umayyad caliphs ruled • Naval supremacy • Postal system • Standard Arab coins • Arabic as the official language

  7. Decline/Fall • Husain (grandson of Ali) led a failed revolt (681) • Vengeance of Husain (Karbala) • 2 problems • Decay of tribal loyalties • Anger towards the government • Persians • Abbasids (Abbas ---uncle of prohet) • Shiites • Abu Muslim (former persian slave) leads revolt in 747 • The last Umayyad leader (Marwan II) runs to Egypt • Abu Al Abbastakes control with a massacre (Saffah) • 19 year old Abd al-Rahmanescapes through N. Africa to Spain….)

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