1 / 15

Figure 10.9 The respiratory cycle.

Figure 10.9 The respiratory cycle. Regulation of Breathing. Figure 10.13. Respiratory centers in the pons and medulla oblongata control b oth the rate of respiration and the inspiratory depth. Higher brain centers, in the cerebrum, have conscious control, and can modify breathing.

dillon-arnold
Download Presentation

Figure 10.9 The respiratory cycle.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Figure 10.9 The respiratory cycle.

  2. Regulation of Breathing Figure 10.13

  3. Respiratory centers in the pons and medulla oblongata control both the rate of respiration and the inspiratory depth. • Higher brain centers, in the cerebrum, have conscious control, and can modify breathing.

  4. Regulation of Breathing • Medulla oblongata: sensitive to hydrogen ions (pH) in cerebrospinal fluid resulting from carbon dioxide in blood • Carotid and aortic bodies: sensitive to oxygen and hydrogen ion (pH) levels

  5. Carbon dioxide & pH • Carbon dioxide is a waste product in exhaled air • Forms an acid in water: CO2 + H2O  carbonic acid (H2CO3) H2CO3  bicarbonate (HCO3-) + hydrogen ion (H+) • pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration

  6. The bicarbonate buffer system in blood • The carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system (like all buffers) resists pH changes. • If H+ concentrations in blood begin to rise, excess H+ is removed by combining with HCO3– . • If hydrogen ion concentrations begin to drop, H2CO3 dissociates, releasing H+

  7. Figure 10.12 oxygen transport in blood.

  8. Figure 10.12 carbon dioxide transport in blood.

  9. Figure 10.10a Measurement of lung capacity.

  10. Figure 10.10a Measurement of lung capacity.

  11. Respiratory Volumes • Tidal volume (TV) – air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath (approximately 500 ml) • Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) – air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume (2100–3200ml) • Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) – air that can be evacuated from the lungs after a tidal expiration (1000-1200ml) • Residual volume (RV) – air left in the lungs after strenuous expiration (1200ml)

  12. Respiratory Capacities • Vital capacity (VC) – the total amount of air that can be taken in by the deepest expiration followed by the deepest inspiration = TV + ERV + IRV • Total lung capacity (TLC) – sum of all lung volumes = VC + Residual Volume (approximately 6000 ml in males)

  13. Other Pulmonary Function Tests • Forced vital capacity (FVC) – gas forcibly & rapidly expelled after taking a deep breath • Forced expiratory volume (FEV = peak flow) – the amount of gas expelled during specific time intervals (usually 1 sec)

  14. Figure 10.11 Partial pressures. (1 of 3)

More Related