Exploring the Religions of Our World

1. Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 2 Judaism

2. Chapter 2 Judaism A Living Religion 1. Judaism is the religion practiced by Jesus when he was living on earth. 2. Judaism is the religion of the Hebrew Bible and a religion still longing for God’s chosen one. 3. Being a Jew has both an ethnic and a religious connotation. 4. A religious Jew practices Judaism. An ethnic Jew may or may not practice Judaism.

3. Chapter 2 Judaism Periods of Jewish History Biblical Period 1800 BCE – 323 CE Medieval Period 639 - 1783 CE Rabbinic Period 323 BCE – 637 CE Modern Period 1783 - present

4. Chapter 2 Judaism Periods of Jewish History Page 29

5. Chapter 2 Judaism Modern Judaism Reform Judaism – advocates full integration into the culture where one lives Conservative Judaism – counteracts reformed Judaism, modifying Jewish traditions in a limited manner Orthodox Judaism – the most traditional wing, insists its members strictly follow the Torah Reconstructionist Judaism – advocates Judaism as a culture, not only a religion

6. Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred writings Tanakh The Hebrew Bible Torah first five books Nevi’im prophets Ketuvim writings

7. Chapter 2 Judaism Other sacred writings Jerusalem Talmud commentary Midrash Biblical interpretation Babylonian Talmud commentary

8. Chapter 2 Judaism Beliefs and Practices Sh’ma “Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One” (Deuteronomy 6:4)

9. Chapter 2 Judaism Beliefs and Practices (continued) Torah 613 commandments

10. Chapter 2 Judaism Beliefs and Practices (continued) God’s covenant with Israel: “The Chosen People” “I have given you as a covenant to the people, a light to the nations” (Isaiah 42:6)

11. Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred Times Annual Feasts: • Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year • Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement • Sukkot –Feast of Tabernacles/Booths • Pesach – Passover • Shavuot – Harvest festival / reception of Torah • Hanukkah – Festival of Lights • Purim – Feast of Lots

12. Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred Times (continued) Shabbat – the Jewish Sabbath • weekly event • sunset Friday through sunset Saturday • obedience to fourth commandment • Jews rest on the seventh day, as God did • Shabbat dinner – Friday evening

13. Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred Places and Sacred Spaces Synagogue house of prayer house of study house of assembly Home

14. Chapter 2 Judaism Sacred Places and Sacred Spaces (continued) Land of Israel = Israel = Canaan = Promised Land = Judea = Palestine = State of Israel Jerusalem • holiest city • City of David • Temple • holy city for: Judaism, Christianity, Islam

15. Chapter 2 Judaism Judaism through a Catholic Lens Judaism Christianity Commonalities History Scripture Liturgy Theology

16. Chapter 2 Judaism Judaism through a Catholic Lens (continued) Differences Judaism Christianity Still expects a Messiah or messianic age to come Jesus was the Messiah Jesus is God

17. Chapter 2 Judaism Judaism through a Catholic Lens (continued) Jewish influences in Catholicism The Hebrew Bible – Old Testament Passover meal – the Lord’s Supper Passover – Holy Thursday Shavuot – Pentecost

18. Chapter 2 Judaism Vocabulary • Torah • Idolatry • Diaspora • Hellenization • Septuagint • Sadducees • Pharisees • Essenes • Rabbi • Talmud • Monotheistic • Sephardim • Pogroms • Ashkenazim • Yiddish • Hasidism • Zionism • Tanak • Nevi’im • Ketuvim • Mishnah • Midrash • Sh’ma • Mitzvoth • Covenant • Halakhic • Shabbat • Pesach • Yom Kippur • Havdalah • Bimah • Mezuzah • Kosher • Testament