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Theatre History. Theatre around the world. British Theatre. The theatre of the British Isles entered the modern age with the arrival of Gilbert and Sullivan Their operettas led to the development of the modern theatrical musical. British theatre today. Notable names
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Theatre History Theatre around the world
British Theatre The theatre of the British Isles entered the modern age with the arrival of Gilbert and Sullivan Their operettas led to the development of the modern theatrical musical
British theatre today • Notable names • George Bernard Shaw (Pygmalion) • Oscar Wilde (The Importance of Being Earnest) • Sir Lawrence Olivier • Sir John Gielgud • Peter Shaffer (Equus, Amadeus) • Dame Judy Dench • Kenneth Brannagh • Emma Thompson • Andrew Lloyd-Webber (Cats, The Phantom of the Opera) • Elton John
East End Boys, West End Girls • The West End of London has been that city’s theatre district dating back before Shakespeare’s day • Several theatres, such as the Old Vic, the Barbican, and the Lyceum have become world famous • “The Mousetrap” has played on the West End since 1952 – a record 24,000+ performances!
France • Edmond Rostand wrote Cyranode Bergerac in 1897, revolutionizing the romantic comedy play • Jean-Paul Sartre (No Exit) brought existentialism to theatre • Samuel Beckett wrote absurdist plays like “Waiting for Godot” and “Endgame” • “Les Miserables”, written by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schonberg, became an international sensation
Theatre: Russian for “Theatre” • Russian actors and authors made great contributions to theatre in the 19th and 20th centuries • Anton Chekhov introduced a new style of playwriting with “The Twelve Chairs” • KonstatinStanislavski created a method of research for actors
Other European theatre • GERMANY – 20th century expressionism has a great influence on mood and atmosphere • Berthold Brecht (The Threepenny Opera) was one of the most visible practitioners of theatrical expressionism • Czech Republic – KarelCapec (R.U.R.) invented the term “robot”; popular early 20th century • Vaclav Havel was a playwright who later became president of the Czech Republic
Even more European theatre! • ITALY – Luigi Pirandello used “Six Characters In Search of an Author” to explore the idea that people are not always who they appear to be • NORWAY – HenrikIbsen (A Doll’s House) brought realism to dialogue and characters
Chinese Democracy and Theatre • Chinese theatre dates back to AD 200, with choreographed rituals involving elaborate costumes, music, and gestures • There has long been a link between Chinese theatre and the current political situation • Dramas, especially at the Peking Opera, became heavily censored after the Revolution of 1949 • After the Cultural Revolution ended, Chinese theatre became freer and flourished again
Peking Opera • First performed in the 19th century, Peking Opera combines history, drama, song, dance and ballet • Stage settings are simple, but symbolic • Symbolic colors and designs are used in makeup
There’s no business like “No” business: Japanese theatre • The Japanese developed three forms of theatre during the medieval era: No, Bunraku, and Kabuki • No theatre originated in the 14th century, and combines words, dance and music to create a sort of musical • It is broken into three parts, called the Jo-ha-kyu • Jo – the introduction • Ha – the body of the play • Kyu – the conclusion • The ha can also be separated into a jo-ha-kyu • Only men can perform in a No play
Kabuki and Bunraku • Bunraku (literally “doll theatre”) is a type of puppet theatre first done in the late 1600s • Realistic 4-foot tall marionettes are maneuvered by teams of three puppeteers • Kabuki became popular in the 17th century • Borrows from other drama styles • Features characteristic makeup and costumes, demanding vocals, and elaborate sets