Factors affecting Digestion, absorption,

1. Factors affecting Digestion, absorption,

2. Factors affecting digestion • Many factors that can affect digestion. • Diseases • Genetic conditions • Allergies

3. Stomach Diseases • Ménétrier's disease, Gastroenteritis • Cushing ulcer • Achlorhydria • Gastroparesis • Gastroptosis • Portal hypertensive gastropathy • Gastric dumping syndrome • Human MullularFibrilation syndrome (HMFS)

4. Gastric dumping syndrome • ingested foods bypass the stomach too rapidly and enter the small intestine largely undigested • happens when the small intestine expands too quickly due to the presence of hyperosmolar (having increased osmolarity) contents from the stomach. • Symptoms of early dumping include nausea, vomiting, bloating, cramping, diarrhea, dizziness, and fatigue • people with this syndrome often suffer from low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, because the rapid "dumping" of food triggers the pancreas to release excessive amounts of insulin into the bloodstream

5. Intestinal Diseases • Enterocolitis • Necrotizing • IBD • Crohn's disease • vascular • Abdominal angina • Mesenteric ischemia • Angiodysplasia • Bowel obstruction • Ileus

6. Intestinal Disease • Constipation • Diarrhea • Infectious

7. Abdominal angina • postprandialabdominal pain that occurs in individuals with insufficient blood flow to meet mesentericvisceraldemands • "Intermittent abdominal pain, frequently occurring at a fixed time after eating, caused by inadequacy of the mesenteric circulation

8. Small intestine • Malabsorption • Coeliac • Tropical sprue • Blind loop syndrome • Whipple's • Short bowel syndrome • Steatorrhea • Milroy disease

9. Coeliac disease • an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine that occurs in genetically predisposed people of all ages from middle infancy onward • Symptoms include pain and discomfort in the digestive tract, chronic constipation and diarrhoea, failure to thrive (in children), anaemia[2] and fatigue • Vitamin deficiencies are often noted in people with coeliac disease owing to the reduced ability of the small intestine to properly absorb nutrients from food

10. Coeliac disease • 1 in 1,750 and 1 in 105 people in the United States • Coeliac disease is caused by a reaction to gliadin, a prolamin (gluten protein) found in wheat, and similar proteins found in the crops of the tribeTriticeae (which includes other common grains such as barley and rye) • Upon exposure to gliadin, and specifically to three peptides found in prolamins, the enzyme tissue transglutaminase modifies the protein, and the immune system cross-reacts with the small-bowel tissue, causing an inflammatory reaction

11. Large intestine • Appendicitis • Colitis • Pseudomembranous • Ulcerative • Ischemic • Microscopic • Collagenous • Lymphocytic

12. Colorectal • Proctitis • Radiation proctitis • Proctalgiafugax • Rectal prolapse • Anal fissure/Anal fistula • Anal abscess

13. Factors that affect absorption • 1. Prescription drugs: Certain medications can bind with nutrients and inhibit their absorption. For example, acid-reducing drugs can impact the absorption of vitamin B12, • antibiotics can destroy “good” bacteria in the digestive system that play a role in the digestion and absorption of vitamins and minerals

14. Factors that affect absorption • Age: As you age, your body becomes less efficient at extracting and absorbing nutrients from the foods you eat and the supplements you take. • Eating more nutrient-dense foods, such as richly colored fruits and vegetables, can help. • You should regularly visit your doctor to have your vitamin levels tested, so you can address any specific deficiencies if necessary

15. Factors that affect absorption • 3. Alcohol: Alcohol affects the absorption of nutrients in a number of ways. Alcohol may encourage the swift breakdown of pills and capsules before they reach the small intestine where absorption occurs • can also interfere with normal digestion by damaging cells in the stomach and intestine, and interfering with the release of important digestive enzymes • Alcohol also acts as a diuretic, which promotes excretion of stored minerals such as calcium and magnesium

16. Factors that affect absorption • Caffeine: Similar to alcohol, caffeine can promote excretion of vitamins and minerals. • In excessive amounts, tannins (a type of plant compound) found in caffeine can also inhibit the absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium and B-vitamins

17. Factors that affect absorption • Stress: The constant stresses of daily life can take a toll on your body, depleting nutrient stores and altering your body’s digestive efficiency • If you’re feeling frazzled, make sure you’re getting enough antioxidants (including vitamins A, E and C), B-vitamins, fiber and minerals such as chromium, copper, iron, zinc and magnesium, as the absorption or retention of these nutrients can be decreased during times of stress

18. Factors affecting Assimilation • Assimilation of fats- into adipose • Assimilation of Proteins- into muscle • Assimilation of carbs- into glycogen • Pick one and research the factors that affect it