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Explore various types of risk, loss exposures, and insurance coverage in risk management. Learn about bond obligations, surety bonds, underwriting, and financial considerations for effective risk management processes.
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Chapter 4 Risk Management BCN 4772 Summer 2007
Risk Management • What is Risk? • Specific types of Risk • Inflation • Market • Principal • Liquidity • Credit • Two categories of risk • Speculative Risk • Pure Risk • What is Risk Management?
Risk Management • Types of losses • Property • Financial • Liabilities • Losses involving personnel
Risk Management • Risk Management Process • Identify and analyze loss exposure • Evaluate alternatives • Select the best techniques • Implement • Monitor and adjust
Risk Management Risk / Return Tradeoff Return Risk
Risk Management • Transfer risk exposure • Insurance • Required • Covers specific risk • Selection is important • Disclosure • Best’s Rating Guide
Risk Management • Property insurance • Covers losses due to destruction of personal or company property • Replacement cost • Value • Coinsurance • Specific perils • Exclusions
Risk Management • Financial Loss Exposure • Loss of net income • Decrease in revenues and increase in expenses • Business interruption insurance • Covers rental equipment costs • Work stoppage costs • Temporary relocation costs
Risk Management • Business Liability Exposures • Legal liability losses • Bodily injury • Property damage • Other injury • Caused by employees or subcontractors • Third party agreement
Risk Management • Contract Liability Exposure • Exculpatory Clauses • Hold-harmless • Indemnification • Contract Liability exclusion
Risk Management • Other types of coverage • Business Automobile Policy • Workers Compensation Insurance • Employee Benefits Liability Coverage • Employment Practices Liability • Umbrella Liability Policy • Personnel Loss Exposures
Risk Management • Premium Rates • Property • Full value • Fire rate • Flood rate • Wind rate • Etc • Maximum values at risk • Credits for certain amenities • Payroll or gross sales • Location • Reputation
Risk Management • Bond Obligation • Guarantee by third party • Insures that the work will be done • Not insurance • Surety bond • Three party agreement • Contractor • Guarantor • Owner • Protects the taxpayer
Risk Management • Types of Bonds • Bid Bond • Forfeiture Obligation • Difference in Bid • Performance Bonds • Payment Bonds
Risk Management • Important People in Bonding process • CPA • Banker • Attorney • Bonding agent • Professional bond team
Risk Management • Bond issuers • Treasury Department • T-list • Max amounts • A.M. Best • Private rating • A+ - C- • Gives insight to condition of company
Risk Management • Florida Statute 287.0935 1985 • Allows smaller surety companies to provide bonds • Must have a treasury listing • Projects under $500,000 • This provision allows smaller companies to develop a reputation
Risk Management • Underwriting • Capital • Character • Capacity • Default options • Bank roll the contractor until completion • Dissolve the contract pay the difference for new contract • Leave it to the owner to negotiate • Use own contract
Risk Management • Information needed by the Surety • 3 yrs of financials • Personal financial statements of all stockholders • Schedule of equipment available • Schedule of contracts in progress • Resumes on key people • History of business • Letter of credit from bank • Reference letters • Surety questionnaire • Organization chart
Risk Management • Indemnity • Legal right of surety • Prevents non compliance by principal • Agreement requires signatures of all corporate stockholders and spouses • Continuity
Risk Management • Other surety interests • Financial Statements • Audit • Review • Compilation • Income recognition • Cash • Completed Contract • Accrual • Percentage of completion • Ratios • Net quick • Actual contract
Risk Management • Bond Costs • Premium based on contract price • Multiplied by a rate per thousand • May very from firm to firm • All premiums are subject to change • Standards set for certain classes of contract ratings
Risk Management • Small Business Administration Guaranty • Guaranties a portion 70%-90% • Allows for newly stated contractors to get bonded • Max $1,250,000 • Contractor must be under $5,000,000 annual • Charges to contractor of additional $6 per thousand • May require collateral, escrow agent and updates of project
Risk Management • Dealing with risk • Identify • Plan • Monitor • Anticipate • Improve company