Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1

2. Lesson 1What are the building blocks of life?

3. Cells • A cell is the building block of life. It is the smallest unit of a living thingand can perform all life processes. • All living things are made of cells. • Some living things are made of one cell, most living things are many celled. • Every part of you from your muscles to your blood is made of billions of cells. • Cells have a certain role. Some cells help you get energy and some cells help protect you. • Microscopes are needed to see cells.

4. 3 roles • What are the three roles of the cell? • Help living things get the energy it uses to grow, develop, and reproduce • Help get rid of what it doesn’t need • Help it move or react to it’s environment

5. Three cell structures that plant and animal cells both have? • Nucleus • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm

6. Nucleus • The nucleus’ function is the control center where the cell’s activities are stored. • It is like the “Brain” or “Computer” of the nucleus

7. Cell membrane • It is the cell’s border. • It controls what substances move into and out of the cell.

8. Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm contains the things the cell needs to carry out it’s life processes.

9. Tissue, organs, and systems • Groups of the same cells form tissue. • Groups of tissue that work together form an organ. • Groups of organs work together to form systems.

10. Concept map

11. Plant food • Chloroplast is the part of the plant cell that makes its own food. • It uses the sun’s energy to make its food.

12. Plant and Animal Cells

13. Lesson 2How are living things grouped?

14. Classifying animals and plants • Scientists look at its cells • What parts the cells have. • They think about where it lives and how it gets its food. ** The largest classification is the KINGDOMgroup p.10

15. 6 kingdoms of living things • Ancient bacteria • True bacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals p11

16. 7 other groups used for classification • Kingdom • Division • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species p12

17. Scientific Names • The first part of an organism’s scientific name is Genus • The second part of an organism’s scientific name is its Species • The scientific name for the house cat is FelisDomesticus genusspecies p.12

18. Lesson 3How do biologists sort plants?

19. Vascular Plants • Plants that have tubes that move water and nutrients to all the organs of the plant. • Some examples are: • Grass • Ferns • Dandelions • Celery • Trees

20. Non- Vascular Plants • Plants that do not have a system of tubes to help support their organs. • They pass water and nutrients from one cell to the cell that’s next to it. • Some examples are: • Mosses • Hornworts • Liverworts

21. Other Plants • Plants with flowers or cones produce seeds. • Other plants reproduce using spores. • Plants that make seeds, but do not have flowers are conifers. • An example: • Pine tree • Ferns and Mosses make spores but not seeds.

22. Lesson 4How are animals classified?

23. Animal Classification • Vertebrates and invertebrates are the two main groups used to classify animals. • Invertebrates do not have backbones. • Vertebrates have backbones. • 5 classes of vertebrates • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

24. Invertebrates • Have no backbone. • Largest group are the anthropods • Groups of invertebrates: • Anthropods • Sponges • Sea stars • Worms • Mollusks

25. Lesson 5How do animals adapt?

26. Adaptation • Adaptation is a physical feature or behavior that helps an animal get food, protect itself, move, or reproduce. • Some examples are: • Feathers • Thick fur • beaks, • Sharp claws • Webbed feet • Long necks

27. Animals • Animals protect themselves by using camouflage, horns, shells, spines, stingers, claws, quills sprays, poisons, and escape behaviors. • Animals migrate because they face a shortage of food. • Instincts help animals meet their needs. They are behaviors that are inherited. • An example: • Ducklings are born and have the instinct to follow their mother.