How to Use This Presentation

1. How to Use This Presentation • To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show.” • To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or the space bar. • From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. • From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson’s presentation. • You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.

2. Resources Bellringers Chapter Presentation Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Visual Concepts

3. Animal and Behavior Chapter 14 Table of Contents Section 1 What Is an Animal? Section 2 Animal Behavior Section 3 Social Relationships

4. Section1 What Is an Animal? Chapter 14 Bellringer What is the best material for washing a car—a cotton rag, a scratch pad, or an animal skeleton? Explain your answer in your science journal. How do people use animal products in their daily lives?

5. Section1 What Is an Animal? Chapter 14 Objectives • Describe the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates. • Describe the five characteristics that all animals share.

6. Section1 What Is an Animal? Chapter 14 Animal Diversity • VertebratesA vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone. Vertebrates include fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. • InvertebratesMost animal species are insects, snails, jellyfish, worms, and other invertebrates, or animals without backbones.

7. Section1 What Is an Animal? Chapter 14 Animal Characteristics • Multicellular MakeupAll animals are multicellular, which means they are made of many cells. Animal cells are eukaryotic, which means they have a nucleus. • Reproduction and DevelopmentAlmost all animals reproduce sexually. These animals make sex cells—eggs or sperm. When an egg and a sperm join during fertilization, they form the first cell of a new organism.

8. Section1 What Is an Animal? Chapter 14 Animal Characteristics, continued • Many Specialized PartsAn animal’s body has distinct parts that do different things. Most animals also have organs. An organ is a group of tissues that carry out a special function of the body. The next slide illustrates the many specialized parts of a shark.

9. Section1 What Is an Animal? Chapter 14

10. Section1 What Is an Animal? Chapter 14 Animal Characteristics, continued • MovementMost animals can move from place to place. Nearly all animals use movement to search for food, shelter, or mates at some stage of life. • ConsumingAll animals survive by eating other organisms or parts and products of other organisms. In other words, animals are consumers. A consumer is an organism that eats other organisms.

11. Visual Concept Chapter 14 What is an Animal? Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

12. Section2 Animal Behavior Chapter 14 Bellringer Write a sentence to describe each of the following terms: predator prey After each sentence, list three animals that are predators and three that are prey. Write your answers in your science journal.

13. Section2 Animal Behavior Chapter 14 Objectives • Explain the difference between learned and innate behavior. • Describe five kinds of behaviors that help animals survive. • Describe how biological clocks affect animals.

14. Section2 Animal Behavior Chapter 14 Kinds of Behavior • Innate BehaviorBehavior that doesn’t depend on learning or experience is known as innate behavior. Innate behaviors are inherited through genes. • Learned BehaviorInnate behaviors can be modified. Animals can use learning to change a behavior. Learned behavior is behavior that has been learned from experience or from observing other animals.

15. Section2 Animal Behavior Chapter 14 Survival Behavior • Finding FoodAnimals find food in many ways. Animals that eat other animals are known as predators. The animal being eaten is the prey. • Marking TerritorySometimes, members of the same species must compete for food and mates. Some animals claim territories to save energy by avoiding this competition.

16. Section2 Animal Behavior Chapter 14 Survival Behavior, continued • Defensive ActionDefensive behavior allows animals to protect resources from other animals. Animals defend food, mates, and offspring. • CourtshipAnimals need to find mates to reproduce. Reproduction is essential for the survival of an individual’s genes. Animals have special behaviors, called courtship, that help them find a mate. • ParentingMany young animals depend on their parents for survival.

17. Section2 Animal Behavior Chapter 14 Seasonal Behavior • MigrationMany animals avoid cold weather by traveling to warmer places. These animals migrate to find food, water, or safe nesting grounds. To migrate is to travel from one place to another. • Slowing DownSome animals deal with food and water shortages by hibernating. Hibernation is a period of inactivity and decreased body temperature that some animals experience in winter.

18. Section2 Animal Behavior Chapter 14 Seasonal Behavior, continued • A Biological ClockThe internal control of an animal’s natural cycles is called a biological clock. Animals use clues such as the length of the day and the temperature to set their clocks. • Cycles of ChangeSome biological clocks control long cycles. Seasonal cycles are nearly universal for animals.

19. Section3 Social Relationships Chapter 14 Bellringer Humans use lots of cues to size up their environment and each other. Name one piece of information that might be learned from a smell and one piece of information that could be learned from a sound. For example, you might know that dinner is ready if you smell food from your kitchen. Record your ideas in your science journal.

20. Section3 Social Relationships Chapter 14 Objectives • Describe four ways that animals communicate. • List the advantages and disadvantages of living in groups.

21. Section3 Social Relationships Chapter 14 Communication • Sending a Signal In communication, a signal must travel from one animal to another, and the receiver of the signal must respond in some way. Communication helps animals survive. Many animalscommunicate to defend a territory from other members of the species.

22. Section3 Social Relationships Chapter 14 Ways to Communicate • Sound Many animals communicate by making noises. Sound is a signal that can reach many animals over a large area. • TouchAnimals may also use touch to communicate. This activity is an important way for primates to communicate.

23. Section3 Social Relationships Chapter 14 Ways to Communicate, continued • ChemicalsOne way to communicate is through chemicals. The chemicals that animals use to communicate are called pheromones. • SightAnimals also use visual communication. When we smile at a friend, we are sending a visual message with body language. As shown on the next slide,bees use body language, along with other forms of communication, to spread news about food.

24. Chapter 14 Section3 Social Relationships

25. Chapter 14 Section3 Social Relationships Living Together • The Benefits of Living in Groups Living in groups can be safer than living alone. Large groups can spot a predator quickly because they have so many pairs of eyes watching for danger. • The Downside of Living in GroupsLiving in groups causes problems as well. Animals living in large groups must compete with each other for food and mates. An area that has enough food for one animal may not have enough food for a group of animals.

26. Chapter 14 Animal and Behavior Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.

27. Chapter 14 Animal and Behavior

28. Chapter 14 Animal and Behavior

29. End of Chapter 14 Show

30. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation Reading Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage.

31. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation Passage 1Competing, surviving, and reproducing are all part of life. And in some species, cannibalism (eating members of one’s own species) is part of life. But how does cannibalism relate to competing, surviving, and reproducing? It turns out that sometimes competition for survival can lead to cannibalism. Young tiger salamanders eat zooplankton, aquatic insect larvae, and sometimes tadpoles. But if conditions in their small pond include intense competition with members of their own species, certain larger salamanders may begin to eat other salamanders!

32. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 1. In the passage, what does the term intense mean? Aweak Bstrong Csome Dfurious

33. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 1. In the passage, what does the term intense mean? Aweak Bstrong Csome Dfurious

34. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 2. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is a fact? FLarge tiger salamanders sometimes eat other tiger salamanders. GAnimals often use cannibalism to help themselves survive. HFemale spiders sometimes eat male spiders. ITadpoles do not practice cannibalism.

35. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 2. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is a fact? F Large tiger salamanders sometimes eat other tiger salamanders. GAnimals often use cannibalism to help themselves survive. HFemale spiders sometimes eat male spiders. ITadpoles do not practice cannibalism.

36. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 3. What do young salamanders eat? Aother small salamanders Blarge salamanders Cfrogs and small fish Dzooplankton, aquatic insect larvae, and tadpoles

37. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 3. What do young salamanders eat? Aother small salamanders Blarge salamanders Cfrogs and small fish D zooplankton, aquatic insect larvae, and tadpoles

38. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation Passage 2Unlike many birds, most bat species in the northern and central parts of the United States don’t fly south for the winter. Instead of migrating, many bat species go into hibernation. Hibernation is usually a safe way to pass the cold winter. However, if their deep sleep is disturbed too often, the bats may die. People visiting bat caves sometimes force hibernating bats to wake up. When the bats wake up, they use up their stored fat too quickly. For example, each time a little brown bat wakes up, it consumes stored fat that would have lasted for 67 days of deep sleep. And because few insects live in the caves during the winter, the bats cannot build up fat reserves during the winter.

39. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 1. According to the passage, what is one reason that it is harmful for people to visit bat caves in the winter? ABats migrate south for the winter. BPeople wake up the bats, which forces the bats to use much of their stored fat. CPeople spread diseases to hibernating bats. DPeople may scare insects away from the bat caves and leave the bats with no food.

40. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 1. According to the passage, what is one reason that it is harmful for people to visit bat caves in the winter? ABats migrate south for the winter. B People wake up the bats, which forces the bats to use much of their stored fat. CPeople spread diseases to hibernating bats. DPeople may scare insects away from the bat caves and leave the bats with no food.

41. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 2. In the passage, what does the term reserve mean? Fneeds Gdays Hsupply Iweight

42. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 2. In the passage, what does the term reserve mean? Fneeds Gdays Hsupply Iweight

43. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 3. Why do many bats from the northern and central parts of the United States hibernate? Ato survive the winter Bto store fat Cto compete with birds Dto be near people that visit their caves

44. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 3. Why do many bats from the northern and central parts of the United States hibernate? A to survive the winter Bto store fat Cto compete with birds Dto be near people that visit their caves

45. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation Interpreting Graphics The graphs below show the average high and low temperatures for 1 year at two locations. Use the graphs to answer the questions that follow.

46. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 1. What is the average high temperature for each location in July? AGlacier Park: 79°F; Grand Canyon: 106°F BGlacier Park: 47°F; Grand Canyon: 78°F CGlacier Park: 63°F; Grand Canyon: 92°F DGlacier Park: 70°F; Grand Canyon: 100°F

47. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 1. What is the average high temperature for each location in July? A Glacier Park: 79°F; Grand Canyon: 106°F BGlacier Park: 47°F; Grand Canyon: 78°F CGlacier Park: 63°F; Grand Canyon: 92°F DGlacier Park: 70°F; Grand Canyon: 100°F

48. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 2. What is the average low temperature for each location in January? FGlacier Park: 15°F; Grand Canyon: 56°F GGlacier Park: 30°F; Grand Canyon: 36°F HGlacier Park: 15°F; Grand Canyon: 36°F IGlacier Park: 22°F; Grand Canyon: 46°F

49. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation 2. What is the average low temperature for each location in January? FGlacier Park: 15°F; Grand Canyon: 56°F GGlacier Park: 30°F; Grand Canyon: 36°F H Glacier Park: 15°F; Grand Canyon: 36°F IGlacier Park: 22°F; Grand Canyon: 46°F

50. Chapter 14 Standardized Test Preparation