The Cold War: 1945-1991

1. The Cold War:1945-1991 The freeze begins between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R…

2. COLD WAR • THE STATE OF HOSTILITY WITHOUT __________ CONFLICT, THAT DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE __________ AFTER WORLD WAR II.

3. The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”]-____________ US & the Western Europe-DEMOCRATIC & ______________

4. The “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

5. TERMS • _______ ___________-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TAKEN OVER BY THE SOVIET UNION AS PART OF TREATY AGREEMENT • ____________ COUNTRIES-COUNTRIES GOVERNED BY THE USSR. • U.S.S.R -UNION OF ___________ SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

6. ***CIA AND KGB • CIA-FORMED 1947-U.S.SECRET SPY ORGANIZATION IN WORLD AND DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • KGB-SECRET SOVIET SPY ORGANIZATION -STARTED IN LENIN’S ERA

7. GERMANY • GERMANY WAS PARTITIONED INTO EAST AND WEST GERMANY • _____ GERMANY REMAINED UNDER SOVIET DOMINANCE AND BECAME COMMUNIST • ________ GERMANY BECAME DEMOCRATIC AND RESUMED SELF-GOV’T WHILE BEING OCCUPIED BY U.S,BRITAIN, AND ________

8. U.N. IS FINALLY FORMED • FORMED NEAR THE END OF WWII • CREATE A BODY FOR THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD TO TRY AND PREVENT FUTURE ________ ________.

9. Truman Doctrine [1947] • “_________” OF COMMUNISM • ASSIST COUNTRIES THREATENED BY __________ TAKEOVER-Ex. Greece and Turkey • “The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way”.

10. JAPAN NOW AN ALLY • U.S. REBUILT _______AFTER A-BOMB DEVASTATION-OCCUPIED BY ___________ FORCES • MACARTHUR WAS ___________. • JAPAN DEVELOPED ___________FORM OF GOVERNMENT, RESUMED SELF-GOVERNMENT AND BECAME U.S. ALLY

11. MARSHALL PLAN • PLAN TO __________ EUROPE AND ECONOMIES AFTER THE WAR • PREVENT SPREAD OF _____________

12. Post-War Germany

13. BERLIN AIRLIFT 48-49 • STALIN HAD BLOCKADED SUPPLIES TO ________ BERLIN • TRUMAN AUTHORIZED GOODS AIR ___________ TO THEM • FINALLY _________ BACKED OFF

14. The Arms Race BEGINS:1949 • The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949 • 2 Nuclear Superpowers

15. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy • Luxemburg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

16. NATO • **Defensive alliance among U.S. and western European countries to prevent Soviet invasion of Europe • PEACETIME __________ ALLIANCE

17. CHINA’S REVOLUTION1949 • 1949-MAO ZEDONG (TSE-TUNG) (LEADER OF _________ PARTY) WON A _______ WAR IN CHINA BY GAINING PEASANT’S LOYALTY • CHINA BECAME _______________

18. CHINA AND USSR RELATIONS • HOWEVER,CHINA AND __________ WERE __________WHICH NIXON WOULD USE TO OUR ADVANTAGE IN THE 70’S

19. KOREAN WAR1950-1953 • The U.S. and other U.N. members sent troops into Korea to defend _____-_______________ South Korea from being invaded by _____________ North Korea. • The Korean War ended in a ___________that kept Korea armed and divided at __________ parallel.

20. The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

21. DOUGLAS MACARTHUR • Military career would end when ________ fired him for not obeying orders. • Macarthur wanted to invade ________ and Truman knew this would be unwise.

22. Premier Nikita Khrushchev About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist.If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you. -- 1956 De-Stalinization Program

23. EISENHOWER’S COLD WAR POLICIES-1950’s • EISENHOWER ADOPTED A POLICY OF “___________ ___________ ________________________” TO DETER A SOVIET STRIKE. • _______________________-ALMOST COME TO WAR-PULL BACK AT LAST MINUTE

24. Warsaw Pact (1955)-_________ ALLIES IN EASTERN EUROPE FORM with USSR • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Rumania

25. NATO & WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES • BOTH WOULD KEEP LARGE _____________ IN PLACE FOR 50 YEARS

26. Sputnik I (1957)-1st satellite-USSR The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge! 1958-THE US LAUNCHES ____________

27. U-2 Spy Incident (1960) Col. Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace. Eisenhower-pres-embarassment

28. CUBAN REVOLUTION-1959 • FIDEL CASTRO TAKES OVER CUBA IN 1959 AND IT BECOMES _______________. • MANY CUBANS FLED TO FLORIDA • IT WOULD RECEIVE ______________ AID FROM USSR IF NEEDED. • **HE IS STILL THE LEADER THERE WITH HIS BROTHER-RAOUL.

29. COLD WAR AT HOME • During 50’s/ 60’s American schoolchildren had drills to prepare for ________ attacks. Duck and Cover • People built __________ shelters. • THIS WAS FORM OF __________________ TO MAKE PEOPLE FEEL SAFE.

30. McCARTHYISM-1940’s-1950’s • McCarthyism is a term used to describe the “________ ___________” used by Joseph McCarthy (senator) to find Communists. • Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs were convicted for ________. The Rosenbergs were executed. • **McCarthy censured by the Senate

31. COLD WAR AT HOME • THE ECONOMIES OF ____________AND CALIFORNIAWOULD GROW MORE THAN ANY OTHER STATES BECAUSE THEY WOULD BE REWARDED WITH DEFENSE CONTRACTS.

32. JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT • YOUNGEST PERSON EVER ELECTED PRESIDENT-44. Wife Jackie. • Inspired many with his speeches: • America “would pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,_________ ______ __________,in order to assure the survival and the ___________ of ____________”.

33. JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT • “Ask not what your ____________can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”. • Started the __________ Corps

34. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961) SEPARATES EAST FROM WEST BERLIN CheckpointCharlie

35. Ich bin ein Berliner!(1963) President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them!

36. BAY OF PIGS -CUBA

37. BAY OF PIGS-1961 • THE PLAN WAS THAT TRAINED _____________EXILES BY CIA WERE TO GO AND TAKE CUBA BACK FROM ___________ • INVASION FAILED-EXILES JAILED • __________________________ FOR KENNEDY AND U.S.

39. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) • THE U.S. DISCOVERED THAT _______________MISSILES WERE IN CUBA • FOR _____DAYS -OCTOBER 14-28 AMERICA LIVED IN FEAR • ______________ BACKED OFF

40. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!

41. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

42. JOHN F. KENNEDY1961-1963-PRESIDENT • Assassinated in Dallas, Texas November 22,1963 by _______ _____________ _____________ • Lyndon ____________(LBJ) sworn in as President immediately

43. Vietnam War: 1965-1973

44. Vietnam escalation • American involvement reflects America’s “________________of communism” • In the 50’s and 60’s the _________ ______________ __________________ government tries to force this government on South Vietnam. NV Gov’t backed by Soviet Union. • America intervenes to help ___________Vietnam.

45. Vietnam escalation • A few troops are sent by ______________. • After Kennedy’s assassination 1963-_____________ continues buildup.

46. Vietnam • In 1964, the ______ __ _____________ _______________________ granted Johnson use of broad military powers to send troops without a declaration of war. • The draft was used. • American military forces repeatedly defeat __________ Vietnamese forces but ____________ Vietnam could not resist invasion from _____________ supplied Army.

47. VIETNAM PROTESTS • COUNTRY BECAME BITTERLY __________OVER THE WAR • _____________ BEGAN HEAVILY ON ______________CAMPUSES • POLICE TOOK ACTION AGAINST PROTESTERS-EX. ______ ____________ ________________

48. VIETNAM • Nixon elected and tried “______________________________” (replacing _________________ troops with South Vietnamese troops). • Nixon forced from office because of ____________________ scandal and resigns August 1974. • 1975-North and South Vietnam merge under _____________ control

49. VIETNAM-EFFECTS ON VETS • POOR WHITE AND BLACK YOUNG MEN WERE _______________. • ___________ YOUNG MEN WOULD BE KILLED AND 300,000 PHYSICAL INJURIES. • OTHERS RETURNED WITH ___________________________PROBLEMS AND DRUG ADDICTIONS AND RECEIVED NO HELP. • MANY FACED ______________ WHEN THEY RETURNED HOME • MUCH LATER__________________ FOR SERVICE • VIETNAM MEMORIAL

50. RESULTS OF WAR • ______ Amendment: 18-year-olds vote • Nixon abolished the draft • _____ _______ _____ 1973 • President must notify Congress 48 hours before • sending troops